Interaction of ethanol with histamine is very important due to the high biological activity of histamine. The possibility of interaction arises from the fact that the metabolism of both these compounds involves the same enzymes, aldehyde dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. Acetaldehyde, a melabolite of ethanol, can effectively compete with aldehydes which are products of the metabolism of histamine, namely methylimidasolacetic and imidasolacetic aldehyde. Ethanol and especially acetaldehyde, stimulate histamine release from mast cells and basophils and inhibit its metabolism by inhibiting the activity of diamine oxidase. Both of these mechanisms increase the content of histamine in tissues. Interaction of ethanol metabolism with histamine receptor antagonists, in the stomach could slightly increase ethanol concentration in the blood. Histamine mediates ethanol-induced allergic reactions and hypersensitivity reactions. Despite these problems red wine is recommended as a pro-health component of the Mediterranean diet. It has been shown to be effective in preventing the growth of prostate cancer and reducing risk of Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. However, consumers should be warned against alcohol abuse, because the potential damage to the body may exceed the observed benefits.
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