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Metabolic activity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from coastal lake Łebsko was determined using the respirometric method. It has been shown that planktonie bacteria oxidized organic compounds with various intensity. Caseine hydrolyzate was the most intensively oxidized respiratory substrate, whereas cellobiose was oxidized the least intensively. In the studied lake, oxygen was taken up most actively by bacteria of the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group and the genus Pseudomonas in their respiratory processes. The level of metabolic activity of bacteria from different parts of the lake was shown to differ. The oxygen uptake of bacterial mixtures was, as a rule, lower than the sum of oxygen uptake of single strains.
An attempt was made to characterise thermophilic microflora isolated in an industrial plant utilising food industry waste. Initial estimation of environmental requirements of a mixed microorganism population was performed using the method measuring changes in electrical im­pedance by means of the BacTrac 4100 Automatic Microorganisms Growth Analyzer. Control of the dynamics of microorganism growth on broth media supple­mented with sources of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and at various pH allowed initial assessment of their en­vi­ron­men­tal requirements. The course of alterations in electrical impedance during culturing of both single isolates and mixed mi­cro­or­ganism populations can be described by means of Gompertz’s curve characteristic for bacteria growth with a very high correlation coefficient. The mixed microorganism population and isolates obtained from it were also characterised from the point of view of their biodegradation potentials of wastewater obtained in the potato processing industry. Biodegradation processes carried out in conditions of shake flask cultures at a temperature of 55oC showed higher reducing potentials of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of a mixed bacteria culture. Single isolates were characterised by a distinctly inferior metabolic activity and lower biodegradation potentials of “ hot” potato wastewater.
This study concerns developmental intensity and metabolic activity of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from water of the littoral and pelagial zones of the polyhumic lake Stęgwica. The experiments were carried out with humic substances and [3H]-glucose in media with pH 6.0 and 8.0. It was found that the development and metabolic activity of most strains in the presence of humic substances were higher in the medium with pH 8.0 than in that with pH 6.0. It was found that humic substances in acid medium had an inhibitory effect on the development and metabolic activity of 90% of the strains of bacteria isolated from littoral zone and of 50% of the strains isolated from the pelagial zone.
Triazoloacridinones (TA) are a new group of potent antitumor compounds, from which the most active derivative, C-1305, has been selected for extended preclinical trials. This study investigated the mechanism of TA binding to DNA. Initially, for selected six TA derivatives differing in chemical structures as well as cytotoxicity and antitumor activity, the capability of noncovalent DNA binding was analyzed. We showed that all triazoloacridinones studied stabilized the DNA duplex at a low-concentration buffer but not at a salt concentration corresponding to that in cells. DNA viscometric studies suggested that intercalation to DNA did not play a major role in the mechanism of the cytotoxic action of TA. Studies involving cultured cells revealed that triazoloacridinone C-1305 after previous metabolic activation induced the formation of interstrand crosslinks in DNA of some tumor and fibroblast cells in a dose dependent manner. However, the detection of crosslink formation was possible only when the activity of topoisomerase II in cells was lowered. Furthermore, it was impossible to validate the relevance of the ability to crosslink DNA to biological activity of TA derivatives.
The aim of the study was to assess usefulness of the LIVE/DEAD fluorescent staining method and gas chromatography to monitor the viability and metabolic activity of Propionibacterium strains in long-term cultures in milk. The effect of 4% NaCl addition and a temperature of 10°C on the growth of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. freudenreichii 111, 109C, 108 strains was studied for 28 days. Bacterial cells were assessed in cultures by microscopic and plate counting methods in regular intervals. The cultures were additionally determined for the content of volatile fatty acids: C2 to C7. The total cell counts of all strains in cultures assessed by the microscopic method were noticed to be 1 to 5 logarithmic cycles higher in comparison to those determined with the plate counting method. In following days and weeks of culture, increasing discrepancies were observed between the results obtained using microscopic and plate methods. Both methods revealed similar trends in the viability of strains under control conditions and a little impact of NaCl addition on cell growth and decrease. The cultures run at a temperature of 10°C exhibited different course of growth and decline of the number of monitored populations depending on strain and method applied. Individual strains possessed different acid formation activity. From the beginning of incubation, the highest concentrations were reported for propionic and acetic acids, whereas the other acids in number from 4 to 6 appeared subsequently. The temperature of 10°C inhibited acids formation by all strains, whereas 4% addition of NaCl stimulated the acid-forming activity and during incubation under those conditions the contents of volatile acids were recorded to be the highest.
Metabolic activity of boar spermatozoa, liquid stored for three days at 5℃, was measured using bioluminescence for ATP content, fluorescent assay (JC fluorochrome) of mitochondrial activity and oxygen consumption. Sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity (PMI) were simultaneously analyzed. Apart from the statistically significant effect (P < 0.001) of semen storage time, the importance of the individual source of the ejaculate for the analyzed parameters of metabolic efficiency of spermatozoa was shown. This phenomenon was manifested in the interaction of the individual source of the ejaculate with spermatozoa motility, integrity of their membranes and metabolic activity with the passing time of semen preservation. Recorded results indicate that the individual factor may have a significant influence on the technological usefulness of boar spermatozoa for liquid storage. Quality analyses conducted on boar semen stored at 5℃ may be used for pre-selection of boars producing sperm with an enhanced tolerance to cold shock.
Research on soil microorganisms associated with plant roots (endophytes) and their outside habitats (rhizosphere, soil) under exposure to high concentrations of heavy metals in the environment may contribute to an increased knowledge about the effects of unfavorable pollutants in the natural ecosystem and improve the efficiency of remediation processes of degraded soils. The main goal of our study was to evaluate properties of microbial populations inhabiting different but spatially closed habitats: interior of the tree roots – endophytes (Betula pendula L. and Alnus glutinosa L.), rhizosphere and soil not influenced by plant roots at two heavy metal polluted areas in southern Poland where the content of cadmium, lead and zinc ranged 9.2–14.9, 26.2–75.1 and 1080–1559 mg∙kg–1 of dried soil, respectively. In our experiment, we analyzed their density as well as determined the total metabolic activity and ability for utilization of different carbon sources. The density of endophytes (5.76–7.16 log10 c.f.u. × g dw–1) was higher than the density of bacteria inhabiting outside habitats – the rhizosphere and soil (5.43–5.91 and 5.08–5.57 log10 c.f.u. × g dw–1, respectively) and was not affected by heavy metal content. However, the total metabolic activity of endophytic populations was strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil and was significantly lower at more contaminated site. In general, the metabolic activity of endophytes was ~15 times lower than the activity of rhizobacteria and at the same level or lower than the activity of soil microorganisms. Discriminant analysis revealed a higher utilization of α-Cyclodextrin and D-Xylose by microorganisms isolated from more polluted test site. The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) followed by principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the distinguishing of preferences in the utilization of carbon sources by microorganisms due to tree species but not the zone of isolation – endophytes, rhizosphere, soil. Our study revealed no significant impact of the metal concentrations present in the soil on the density of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) inhabiting three analyzed zones (interior of the roots, rhziosphere, soil); however, their total metabolic activity was decreased in more contaminated site. Since the density of endophytes was higher compared to the number of bacteria present in the outside habitats (rhizosphere and soil), and their total metabolic activity was in general lower, we suggest a high specialization of microorganisms associated with the cellular spaces of plant roots compared to other microbial populations.
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