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Background. After several years of experience with guiding of an original program on health-promoting nutritional education for women during menopause, which by inducing changes in nutritional behaviour resulted in many favorable health promoting effects, on request of the students of the Association of Third Age University, an original educational program “Comprehensive stimulation of senior citizens to activity” was developed out and implemented. Objective. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of four-month nutritional education and adjustments in diets of women aged 60-85, on the basis of the measurements of the selected lipid parameters in their blood tests. Material and methods. This research project was joined by 37 female subjects aged 60-85, who are the members of the University of the Third Age in Szczecin, and whose average BMI was 31.7 kg/m2. Before the nutritional education commenced and after it was completed, the female subjects’ nutritional status was assessed (BMI, WC, WHR, WHtR) and the energy and nutritional value of their diets was examined based on the subjects’ regular journalkeeping. Keys’ atherogenic score in their diets were also computed. Results. The applied nutritional education led to changes in the energy and nutritional value of the female subjects’ diets, which specifically improved their anthropometric parameters and the resulting BMI, WC and WHtR parameters. This fact was also reflected in a substantial decrease of the glucose level and a substantial increase of HDL-C level in the blood of the examined female subjects, as well as in the improvements in the assessed parameters TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/ HDL-C, TG/HDL-C. Conclusions. The analysis of the results allows to confirm, that the four-month nutritional education of elderly women resulted in changes of their erroneous dietary habits and an improvement in their nutrition.
The objectives of the present study were to estimate the effects of increasing levels of the goitrogenic alliloisothiocyanate on body weight, thyroid hormones, morphology of thyroid follicles, and serum lipoproteins concentration. Twenty-four, growing male rats of Wistar strain were randomly assigned to four experimental groups (I – 0, II – 2, III – 4, and IV – 6 mg alliloisothiocyanate per kg body weight). For 20 days the rats were fed restricted amounts of AIN’93G diets and had free access to distilled water. Animal body weight was recorded weekly. No visible signs of alliloisothiocyanate toxicity were observed in this study. Feeding graded amounts of alliloisothiocyanate to rats resulted in insignificantly decreased serum concentrations of fT4 (by 30.5%). No significant effect of dietary alliloisothiocyanate on TSH concentrations was noted. In addition, alliloisothiocyanate altered thyroid follicle morphology as indicated by both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the follicular epithelial cells. Goitrogenic alliloisothiocyanate was found to decrease serum total cholesterol and serum LDL-cholesterol (24% and 30%, respectively).
Extensive research have indicated that commercial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), fed to laboratory animals, showed several health-related properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of CLA on serum lipid profile, plasma malondialdehyde and liver fatty acids profile in Wistar rats fed for 23 d. The experimental diets were: I-AIN-93G - control (C), II- AIN-93G diet + 1.0% CLA. The CLA oil contained 600 g CLA/kg, with equal representation of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomers. The experimental treatments had no effect on rats body weight, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL+VLDL and malondialdehyde. The triacylglycerol (TG) was significantly decreased after CLA supplementation. Liver weight, fat and histology were unchanged in CLA group. Liver cholesterol was insignificantly decreased in CLA diet. Dietary treatments had significant effects of on proportions of SFA and MUFA and PUFA in liver. In conclusion, CLA decreases serum TG. Additionally, liver fat composition were changed after CLA supplementation
Introduction: Obesity is a multifactorial disorder leading to disturbances in lipid metabolism and adverse plasma lipid profiles. 75G/A polymorphism in the apolipoprotein AI (apo AI) gene promoter has been shown to affect plasma HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein AI concentrations. However, the impact of this genetic variant on lipid profiles in obese subjects has not been well recognized. In the present study the relationship between 75G/A apo AI gene polymorphism (rs 670) and plasma lipids and apo AI concentrations in obese and non-obese males was assessed. Material and Methods: 114 men who were not taking lipid lowering drugs were examined: control group with body mass index (BMI) less than 25 (n = 34), overweight with BMI ranged 25-29 (n = 51) and obese subjects with BMI > 30 (n - 29). The 75G/A gene polymorphism of apo AI was determined by PCR-based method. Results: Higher serum HDL-cholesterol and apo AI concentrations in A allele carriers compared to GG homozygotes were observed in men with proper body mass (p = 0.037 and p = 0.056, respectively) and in overweight subjects (p = 0.0072 and p = 0.018, respectively) but not in obese men. Therefore, interaction may be suggested between 75G/A genetic variants in apo AI gene with obesity and its influence on plasma HDL-cholesterol and apo AI concentrations.
The aim of the present study was to establish the influence of raw and cooked (fresh and frozen) green cauliflower on some biochemical parameters (levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol and triacylglycerols) in rats. The experiment did not show any effect of cauliflower addition to diet on body weight of rats. The data indicated that AIN-93G diet containing 1% cholesterol increased the level of triacylglycerols and LDL + VLDL fractions in comparison with AIN-93 diet alone. Levels of total cholesterol were lower in animals fed the diet with addition of fresh cooked cauliflower as compared to rats given hypercholesterolemic diet with addition of raw vegetable.
The research was undertaken to determine the effect of Jerusalem artichoke’s tuber flour - “Jerusalem artichoke flour” on total cholesterol content, concentrations of HDL, LDL+VLDL lipoproteins and triglycerides in blood of experimental rats. The animals were divided into four experimental groups and fed for 24 days with mixtures containing various proportions of Jerusalem artichoke flour. On the last day of the experiment the rodents were anaesthetised and blood was sampled directly from the heart. Total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides were assayed in blood serum. The content of LDL+ VLDL lipoproteins were calculated from the difference between total cholesterol and HDL lipoproteins. A declining tendency was observed for total cholesterol level and LDL+VLDL lipoproteins when the diet was supplemented with the Jerusalem artichoke flour. On the other hand the amount of triglycerides decreased statistically significantly in blood serum of animals fed diets with 10% and 15% supplement of Jerusalem artichoke flour.
The aim of this study has been to determine the effects of hypertension on plasma lipid profile and the serum level of antioxidant vitamins in tobacco smokers. The study population comprised 62 smokers of whom 35 had hypertension (study group) and 27 were normotensive (control group). The levels of plasma lipids, albumins, uric acid, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and vitamins A, E, C and ß-carotene were assayed. Cumulated index of antioxidant vitamins (CIAVIT) was also calculated. Total cholesterol (TC) (pO.OOl), LDL cholesterol (pO.OOl), uric acid (p<0.05), TBARS (p<0.05) and triglycerides levels were higher in hypertensive smokers compared to the control group. Hypertensive smokers also had lower HDL cholesterol and vitamin E levels (pO.Ol), as well as the levels of vitamins A, C and ß-carotene and the CIAVIT value. The study group exhibited negative correlation between TBARS and vitamins E levels (r=-0.46) and C (r=-0.33), and between TBARS and CIAVIT values (r=-0.34). The study results indicate that tobacco smoking exacerbates pre-existing lipid profile and antioxidant status abnormalities in hypertensive subjects.
Background: There is little information regarding the effects of concurrent training (endurance and resistance training) on the fat profile, blood testosterone and cortisol response. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of concurrent training on the fat profile, blood testosterone and cortisol response in young male wrestlers. Material/Methods: Twenty-four young male wrestlers voluntarily participated and were randomly assigned to three groups, namely: endurance training (ET, N=8), strength training (ST, N=8) and concurrent training (CT, N=8). The groups did their training programs three sessions per week. Results: The findings of this study showed that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased by 33.54% in the strength group (P=0.02). Total Testosterone (TT) experienced a decrease by 30.68% in the endurance group (P= 0.02) and by 41.55% in the concurrent group (P=0.02). Cortisol (cor) increased by 55.73% in the endurance (P=0.00) and by 41.55% in the concurrent (P=0.02) group, respectively. Testosterone-to-Cholesterol ratio (TT:Cor) decreased by 125.80% by and 78.12% in the endurance (P=0.00) and concurrent (0.04) groups, respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the decrease in HDL, an increasing trend in TT in the strength training group and also a decrease in TT and an improved lipids profile in the endurance and concurrent training groups can be a function of the training type.
Introduction. An important way of preventing type 2diabetes is by adopting a proper diet by which means appropriate control over blood glycaemia and lipids can be achieved. Objectives. To assess selected biochemical and haematological markers in overweight subjects or those suffering from type 2 diabetes in relation to their estimated dietary intake. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2012 on n=86 overweight or obese subjects living in Warsaw or its environs, of whom n=43 had type 2 diabetes. Dietary intakes were compared between non-diabetics (control group) and diabetics (test group) by 3 day records, whilst the relevant blood biochemistry and haematology results were obtained from medical records; with patient consent. Results. Diabetic subjects had significantly higher serum glucose and CRP levels than controls, respectively; 190 vs 98 mg/ dl and 1.4 vs 1.1 mg/dl. Lipid profiles were however more significantly abnormal in controls, compared to diabetics with respectively; total cholesterol 220 vs 194 mg/dl, LDL-cholesterol 131 vs 107 mg/dl and triglycerides 206 vs 157 mg/dl. There were no significant differences in HDL-cholesterol; respectively 55 vs 51 mg/dl. In the diabetics, calorific intakes from carbohydrates, especially sugars, were significantly lower than controls i.e. 9% vs 13%. The proportional share of calories derived from dietary fats did not differ between groups, nevertheless a positive correlation was observed between dietary fat content with blood cholesterol concentrations in diabetics. Conclusions. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism were confirmed in both overweight and diabetic (type 2) subjects. In addition, both groups demonstrated untoward lipid profiles that correlated with their improper nutrition.
Background. The main cause of the excessive deposition of fat is the destruction of the mechanisms controlling the expenditure of energy. Pathological increase of adipose tissue leads to disorders of the body, and lipid - carbohydrate parameters, promotes the development of vascular diseases and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the impact of diet and physical activity changes in the parameters lipid-carbohydrate of adolescents. Material and methods. The study included obese boys (n = 35), undergoing weight re- duction. A low-energy diet and regular physical activity were applied. At the beginning and after four weeks were performed anthropometric measurements and indicators of the composition of venous blood was determined. In the venous blood was determined total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerols (TG), glucose and insulin. LDL-cholesterol was calculated. Results. It was found that the applied treatment improved the lipid profile of blood. Only for triglyceride change was not statistically significant. Statistically significant was the reduction of the concentration of glucose. Conclusions. Reduction of body mass resulted in positive changes in blood lipidogramme and reduction of waist hip ratio, which can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in the future. Reduction in serum insulin and glucose demonstrates improved carbohydrate metabolism and indicates a reduced risk for type II diabetes.
Background. Burbot, Lota lota (L.), is a freshwater fish that is related to the marine family Gadidae. Its distribution is widespread in northern Canada. This species is not fished commercially at present. The high content of vitamin A and vitamin D in burbot liver oil was first reported in 1930. Since that time, there have been little or no research studies made on the nutritional components of burbot liver oil. The present study was aimed to assess the key nutritional components present in liver oil isolated from burbot caught in two northern Canadian lakes. Materials and Methods. Liver oil extracted from liver isolated from burbot caught in two northern Canadian lakes was tested for n-3 fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. Thermal stability of the liver oil was also evaluated. Burbot tissue was also analyzed for comparison purposes. Results. The contents of n-3 fatty acids, vitamin A and vitamin D of burbot liver oil were found to be comparable to those of the (reference) cod liver oil. Vitamin K content was discovered to be surprisingly high in comparison to known leafy green vegetable food sources. Conclusion. Burbot liver oil could provide a single source of dietary supplement of n-3 fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin K to meet the daily recommended nutritional allowances.
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