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Open-pit lignite mines affect many compartments of the environment. Surface mines cause changes in the catchment basin, re-shaping the land relief, modifying soil properties and depressing lake water levels as well as the groundwater table. Although the environmental concerns raised by this type of mines have been widely surveyed, we lack sufficient information provided by research reports on regarding the influence of lignite mines there on surface water bodies. In general, there are two types of mine waters from brown coal mining: runoff from the surface and water percolating from deep seated drainage. This paper discusses the impact of lignite mine waters from a deep seated drainage system in the Lubstów Mine on the quality of water in a lowland river. Lignite had been excavated in Lubstów until 2009, and untreated mine waters had been discharged to the Noteć River. The aim of the study was to assess possible changes of the river water quality after the long-term contamination with mine waters. For the assessment, three sites were selected (one above and two below the mine water inflow) for water sampling in order to perform chemical analyses according to standard methods (spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy). Properties of mine waters, such as pH, conductivity, phosphorus, nitrates, sulphates, alkalinity and heavy metals, were analysed in samples taken directly from the canal which carried discharged mine waters to the Noteć River. The results showed that lignite mine waters from deep seated drainage generally caused minor changes in river water quality, except alkalinity, in which the water quality below the discharge point (site B) was significantly worse than at the upper site (A). Chemically, site C was similar to site A.
The paper presents the example of numerical modelling of groundwater flow during dewatering of the TURÓW lignite open pit mine. The basis of numerical solution was the problem of groundwater flow described by Richard’s equation, using 3-D finite elements method. The main purpose of the modelling carried out, taking into consideration this model, was the prediction of water logging of the waste soil bank and its surroundings. Modelling test results of the groundwater flow will be applied for extension of dewatering system and the design of monitoring system of potential threat of the waste soil bank stability, constructed in the close vicinity of lignite mine.
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Thus far, lignite has not been used as a growing medium in soilless cultivation. The aim of the research conducted in 2011-2013 was to develop a new growing medium made of lignite, and to determine the suitability of such a medium to prolonged soilless cultivation of tomato under greenhouse conditions. Lumps of lignite were crashed and sifted to obtain fractions of lignite particles 20, 10, 2.5 mm in diameter of and the earthy fraction. Cultivation mats measuring 100 x 20 x 7 cm were made of the particular fractions and a mixture of lignite fractions. These substrates were used in a prolonged cycle cultivation of the tomato cultivar Growdena, with the results compared to its cultivation in Grodan-Grotop rockwool. The crashing of lignite into small-grain fractions changed the substrate’s pH, salinity and concentration of S-SO4. Smaller lignite fractions resulted in the reduction of the medium’s pH and an increase of the salt content, particularly sulphate. Together with the crashing of lignite, the bulk density and water capacity increased, while the air capacity decreased. The most preferred air and water properties at pF=1.0 occurred in the medium with the fraction of lignite particles 2.5 mm in diameter and in the media formed by mixing different lignite fractions. The pH of the solution taken from the cultivation mats made of lignite was similar to the pH of the nutrient from rockwool. The concentration of nutrients in the lignite media throughout the whole cultivation period was similar to the concentration in rockwool. There was no biological sorption of nitrogen in the initial period of tomato cultivation on lignite and rockwool. The highest early, marketable and total yields of tomato fruits from cv Growdena F1 were obtained in the cultivation on mats made of the lignite fraction with particles 2.5 mm in diameter. These yields did not significantly differ from the marketable and total yields obtained in rockwool.
The Neyveli lignite is one of the largest brown coal field of India, Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu. The lignite is one of tertiary formation found in the Neyveli. So far many mega and micro fossils reported from this formation. The Neyveli lignite well preserved and recognizable entities are mainly woody and non-woody tissues of different angiosperm plants, spore and pollen, cuticles of leaves, resins, fungal spores and fungal fruiting bodies. The present study is about the charcoalified angiospermic wood is identified as Hopenium pondicherriensis (Dipterocarpaceae). This is a first report of Hopenium pondicherriensis from the Neyveli formation.
W latach 1998-2000 przeprowadzono doświadczenie wazonowe, którego celem było określenie wpływu węgli brunatnych, osadów ściekowych oraz ich mieszanin i obornika na zawartość Cd i Pb w podłożu glebowym i życicy wielokwiatowej odmiany Kroto. W doświadczeniu wykorzystano piasek gliniasty lekki (jako podłoże), węgiel brunatny odmiany ziemistej z Kopalni Węgla Brunatnego w Sieniawie i Koninie, osady ściekowe z oczyszczalni w Siedlcach, Łukowie i z Drosedu oraz obornik mieszany. W każdym roku badań zbierano po cztery pokosy trawy. Całkowitą zawartość Cd i Pb w podłożu glebowym i suchej masie trawy oznaczono metodą ICP-AES, po uprzedniej mineralizacji „na sucho” badanych prób. Średnia zawartość kadmu i ołowiu w podłożu glebowym przed rozpoczęciem doświadczenia wynosiła odpowiednio 0,44 i 8,42 mg·kg⁻¹, natomiast po zakończeniu badań 0,33 i 7,09 mg·kg⁻¹ s.m. W suchej masie życicy wielokwiatowej oznaczono średnio od 0,27 do 0,33 mg·kg⁻¹ s.m. kadmu i od 3,33 do 5,14 mg·kg⁻¹ s.m. ołowiu.
A static field experiment carried out on lignite discard, manure and mineral fertilisers in the years 1994 to 1998 was used to study effects on yield and sonie soil chemical properties of the applied variants of organic and mineral fertilisation: NPK; manure 30 t/ha + NPK; lignite discard 90 t/ha; lignite discard 90 t/ha + NPK. The present results show that lignite discard contributed to an increase of yield production potential of a good rye complex soil and brought about a significant increase of the triticale grain yield in comparison with the object with manure. The level of mineral fertilisation applied in the entire crop rotation, in relation to various variants of organic fertilisation (which was applied 3, 2 and 1 year before the examination) exerted a positive effect on pH and the content of basic nutrients in the soil.
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