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Projectiles made of lead alloys are used for waterfowl hunting in Europe. The paper demonstrated that lead pellets, due to their construction and use, contaminate the environment, especially water ecosystems. During one hunting session, tens of thousands of lead balls are introduced to the environment. Moreover, dispersed heavy metal is ingested by birds as gastroliths; as a result, game birds as well as protected birds become intoxicated with lead. During hunting trips, birds are also injured. When entering into the food chain, lead from pellets poses a risk to many living organisms, including predators and scavengers. Injured or intoxicated birds have difficulty joining seasonal migrations. Meat, especially of wild ducks and geese, is consumed during the hunting season by hunters and their families. Considering the level of lead in the muscles of game birds, venison consumers are also exposed to lead intoxication. In Europe, an increasing number of hunters who use lead pellets has resulted in lead being accumulated in game birds, which is a hazard to the public health. In view of the above facts and other hazards resulting from hunting, which endanger humans and animals, the authors recommend a total ban on waterfowl hunting.
Our study on the adverse impact of a polluted environment on children's health was made in Chorzów, a town commonly regarded as a region of ecological disaster. The percentage of infants with birthweight below 2500g is highest and average birthweight lowest in the most polluted districts of the town. Placental dysfunction as a negative effect of air pollution is the immediate reason of drastically diminished aerobic oxydation assessed on the basis of cytochrome c oxydase activity in the placental micro structure. High absorption of lead by nursing children was determined when data were compared with WHO's recommended admissible blood lead levels. The effect of air pollution on the Peak Expiratory Flow of children was studied in the most polluted districts of the town, where PEF values in healthy children were statistically lower.
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