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Six species of Eimeria were found in sheep from the mountain region of Poland: E. parva, E. pallida, E. nina-kohl-yakimovi, E. faurei, E. intricata and E. arloingi. E. parva (36.1%), E. nina-kohl-yakimovi (33.5%) and E. Faurei (30.2%) were frequently found. Seasonal dynamie of coccidiosis in lambs nontreated and treated with Lasalocid (20 mg/kg fodder) was obserwed. The maximum extensity and intensity in nontreated animals were found in the period from July to October (85-90% infected lambs). In lambs treated with Lasalocid the extensity was very low, i.e. only in 5-10% of treated animals single oocysts were found. Final weight was higher by about 5.4 kg and wool piroductivity by about 0.32 kg in the Lasalocid treated, compared with the control, nontreated group.
The aims of the study were determining the median cytotoxicity indicate (IC50), nature of cell death (apoptosis/ necrosis), assessment and morphology of changes observed in FAO cell line culture of hepatocytes subjected to ionophore antibiotics, salinomycin and lasalocid, incubations. INVTTOX recommended MTT, NRU and KB cytotoxicity tests were used to research mitochondrial, protein synthesis and cell proliferation. In addition cell staining in order to reveal membrane destruction that established cell death character May-Grunwald & Giemsa staining were also conducted. Cytotoxicity indices (IC50) estimated by the 24 hour MTT test were at a level 2.41 ± 0.29 mM and 7.93 ± 0.01 mM; however, after a 48 hour incubation the values lowered to 0.112739 ± 0.01 mM and 0.59 ± 0.01 mM for salinomycin and lasalocid, respectively. In contrast to the MTT data, that of NRU and KB tests were higher, indicating mitochondria as the main subcellular target for the antibiotic action. The determined IC50 values were positively related to DL50 (the data from references). Hepatocytes death were established to be of an apoptosis nature. Cell morphology was changed from IC50 depending on manner; the lower value of the indicate corresponded to more pronounced cytopathologic findings. Summarizing, monolayer cell cultures of rat hepatocytes proved to serve as a useful model for cytotoxicity studies enabling to indicate subcellular targets for ionophore antibiotics
The cvtoprotective effect of silibinin in course of cytotoxicity induced by lasalocid had been measured in rat hepatoma FaO cell line. In the course of the study, MTT test (cellular metabolism), coomassie brillant blue binding test - CBB (total cellular proteins), and LDH release test (membrane integrity) were applied. In addition, changes in the cell morphology after 24 h treatment were observed by light microscopy. The effective concentrations, EC₅₀ were quantified for each compound alone, whereas the nature of their co-action was assessed by isobologram plotting. Lasalocid EC₅₀ ranged from 4 to 10 µM and microphotographs showed significant morphological changes of the cells after 24 h exposure. Silibinin EC₅₀ ranged from 40 to 42 µM for MTT and CBB assays, and 63 µM for LDH assay, and no significant morphological changes occurred. When lasalocid EC₅₀ was used in combination with silibinin in 1-250 µM concentrations, the EC₅₀ values were plotted at 36 µM and 72 µM in MTT and LDH assays, respectively. Thus co-actions of the two drugs led to significant diminishing of lasalocid cytotoxicity in respect to cellular metabolism and membrane integrity. The isobolograms showed remarkable antagonistic effect of silibinin in the course of lasalocid cytotoxic action. Although a considerable interaction was concisely relevant to hepatoma cell line FaO, the promising results incline to extend the study on other in vitro models (primary hepatocytes), as well as to investigate in vivo the cytoprotective effect of silibinin against lasalocid in target animals.
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