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The evaluation of different contaminations of vermicomposts produced from organic wastes (manure, sewage sludge and green plant wastes) by helminth eggs was the aim of this paper. In samples of vermicomposts produced from manure the number of helminth eggs (Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp.) was over the permissible level but in samples of vermicomposts produced from green plant wastes this number was in the allowable range. In the case of vermicompost samples produced from sewage sludges no helminth eggs were found. The sanitary status of raw materials used for the production of vermicomposts was the most important factor conditioning their contamination by helminth eggs. For that, the analysis of sanitary status of raw materials should be the main criterion for the evaluation of their suitability for vermicompost production. The thermal and moisture conditions favorable for preservation of helminth eggs vitality prevailed during the vermicomposting processes which does not allow the proper sanitation of the produced vermicomposts.
The purpose of the research was to determine the level of contamination of dogs’ and cats’ hair with parasite eggs. The samples of hair of 122 pet dogs and 15 cats from urban areas and 44 dogs from the countryside were investigated. Parasite eggs were examined by the sedimentation-flotation method. The eggs were removed from hair with Tween 80 solution, sedimentation was carried out, subsequently the sediment was dissolved in a NaCl+saccharose solution and after a flotation microscopic preparations were made. Parasite eggs were found on the hair of 10 (6.02%) dogs and 2 (13.33%) cats. Only 14 eggs were found: Ancylostomatidae, Ascaris spp., Taenia spp., Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris spp. Half of them belonged to Toxocara spp. Most of the eggs had proper structure and in the future they could have been dangerous for animals and humans.
The aim of the investigation was to study the inactivation of selected bacteria and parasite ova in sludge treated with 5, 10 and 20% of CaO. The elimination rate of pathogens varied and depended on lime doses. When sludge was treated with 20% CaO all Ascaris eggs were destroyed after 6 hours, and, additionally, bacterial pathogens after 0.5-1 hour. The hygienization of sludge with 5 and 10% CaO was inefficient because only 6-9% of A.suum eggs were destroyed during the 24 hour period; most bacterial pathogens, however, were eliminated. Only sludge treated with 20% CaO and stored for 24 hours may be used for agricultural purposes
The aim of the study was to evaluate the inactivation of Ascaris suum eggs during composting waste from municipal green areas with the addition of sewage sludge from Kneer container technology. Carriers with parasite eggs were placed in the top, medium and bottom layers of the composted biomass. Analyses showed distinct differences in egg inactivation in particular biomass layers. Ascaris suum eggs survived longest at the bottom - from 3 days in the summer cycle to 161 days in the spring cycle. The egg’s elimination rate in the summer cycle was remarkably higher than in the spring. No eggs able to develop further were detected at all the tested layers of the biomass after 4 days, while in spring the survival rate based on a calculation regression lines ranged from 20 to 161 days.
Sand and soil were experimentally contaminated with eggs of Ascaris suum and oncosphercs of Hymenolepis diminuta in three doses: 500, 3000 and 5000 eggs (oncospheres) per 50 g of the ground. Numbers of recovered eggs were compared with the use of the two following methods: the method of flotation and Spindler's method, modified by Vasilkova and Ivančuk. The ground samples were investigated the following day and on the 14th day after the contamination. The samples were stored in 20°C and in 4°C. The Spindler's modified method turned out to be better for the studies of outdoor samples, because it enabled us to detect eggs in slightly infected samples, and in different temperatures.
The western capercaillie breeding program is aimed at the restoration and reintroduction of this bird species in Poland. Parasitic invasions may be one of the factors limiting the breeding effects. The aim of the paper is to present the parasitologic situation in aviary breeding centres in Leżajsk and Wisła Forest Divisions. The study material included 38 samples of faeces of western capercaillie taken from the floor of the aviaries in the breeding centres in Leżajsk and Wisła Forest District. The faeces were studied using flotation, decantation and the quantitative McMaster methods. The presence of only two parasitic genera was detected. Based on the results of morphological analysis, the coccidia was classified as Eimeria lyruri, while nematode as the species Capillaria (syn. Aonchoteca) caudinflata. The total average prevalence of parasitic invasion in the studied samples was 60.5%. In both studied aviaries, the dominating invasion was coccidiosis, with average prevalences of 55.3%. The eggs of nematodes from Capillaria were found in 34.2% of all studied samples. Monoinvasion was present in 31.6% while the mixed invasion of coccidiosis and capillariasis was found in 28.9% cases. Dispersive forms of the parasites were significantly more frequent in the faeces of hens (77.3%) than of cocks (37.5%). No statistically significant differences in invasion extensiveness between the two breeding centres were found. The invasions of both types of parasites in the studied flocks were of a low level (the average OPG was 268.2 while the average EPG of Capillaria sp. was 164.3). The average OPG/EPG values in both breeding centres were similar, which was confirmed by student t-test. Higher values of OPG/EPG were found in samples coming from hens than in those coming from cocks but the differences were insignificant.
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