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Lung cancer risk factor in the immigrant population of an industrial area in Poland was examined in a case-control study. Both, relative and summary risks were calculated with adjustment for the following factors: cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, atmospheric pollution in the place of residence, occupation, education and age. The multivariate logistic analysis indicated that cigarette smoking was a dominant risk factor. In addition, the following factors were confirmed to be significant lung cancer risk factors in the immigrant population of Upper Silesia (Poland): residence in the area of the greatest ecotoxins' concentration; work as toolmakers or manual laborers and seemingly, as coal-miners; lack of university or secondary education, and vodka consumption.
A lot has been already written on the Czechoslovak results at the Games of the X Olympiad in Los Angeles in 1932. However, not much is known about the journey of the Czechoslovak team to the venue and back. This text focuses on this adventure, describing the problems that the Czechoslovakian team faced in the context of the economic crisis, the actual journey to the United States on board the steamship, the trip across the United States, the encounters with Czechoslovak compatriots and American politicians, sporting successes at the Olympic Games and the spectacular return of Czechoslovak athletes to Prague. The method used for this paper is the historical method. Primary sources were the main sources of information, mainly the estate of the General Secretary of the Czechoslovak Olympic Committee, František Widimský, his memoirs, period articles and unique photographs from the archive of the Czech Olympic Committee. Thanks to these sources, the entire course of the journey was successfully reconstructed.
Subject and purpose of work: The publication comprises the analysis of the most important legislation governing the employment of foreigners in Poland and the data of significance to developing legal solutions in this area. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the suitability of the adopted solutions to the needs of the labour market. Materials and methods: The performed legal analysis is closely related to the statistical analysis of the transformations of the Polish labour market which have taken place over the last 6 years, with particular attention to demographic and economic data. The authors also applied qualitative methods in the form of observations concerning the adaptation of Polish laws to the demand for hiring foreigners, as well as the presentation of the results of surveys analysing the opinions and sentiments of labour market participants, labour market forecasts published on a regular basis, and inspections carried out by authorised entities. Results: The systematic decrease in the Polish population and increasing staff deficits reported by employers are among the most important challenges. The deficits are largely supplemented by Ukrainian employees, yet there are growing concerns that difficulties in acquiring new staff may aggravate, as the competition in attracting foreign staff is becoming increasingly perceptible. In Poland, relevant legal instruments concerning the employment of foreigners are mostly stipulated in the Foreigners Act, the Act on employment promotion and labour market institutions, and in secondary legislation to these Acts. The laws are very complex, they lack comprehensive solutions in the field of foreigner employment policy, while competent offices and authorities experience difficulties in fulfilling their tasks. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop and implement a comprehensive strategy as part of employment policies, taking into account the urgent and actual demand of the labour market for foreigners’ work.
The present paper reports the occurrence of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis H.M ilne Edwards, 1854 in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk, and attempts an initial characterization of the crabs occurring in this area.
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