Faunistic, distributional, and taxonomic data for the genus Phalangium Linnaeus, 1758 from the Caucasus are presented. Eight species of the genus have been found in the region. Two new species: P. mcheidzeae from Georgia and P. gorbunovi from Volgograd region, Kalmikiya and Krasnodar region are described, the other six species of the area are P. opilio, P. punctipes, P. armatum, P. staregai, P. bakuense and P. armenicum. Each of them is illustrated, their main diagnostic features are summarized and the occurrence of each species is presented. A key to the species of Phalangium of the region is provided.