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Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa (IBL) w Sękocinie Starym pod Warszawą realizuje od 2019 roku projekt pod tytułem „Lasy prywatne - szanse, problemy, rozwiązania". Uzyskał on rekomendację Ministra Środowiska i dofinansowanie Narodowego Funduszu Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej. Celem projektu jest rozpropagowanie potrzeby zmian organizacyjnych, prawnych i finansowych związanych z gospodarowaniem lasami na gruntach prywatnych. W artykule opisano aktualny stan lasów prywatnych w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem problemów zalesień i zrzeszania się właścicieli lasów.
W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono kierunki procesu z wyłączenia gruntów z produkcji rolnej i leśnej dla gminy wiejskiej Siedlce. Celem pracy było prze-analizowanie ogólnych tendencji zmian sposobu użytkowania gruntów oraz celów, na które zostały wydawane decyzje wyłączeniowe w latach 2000-2005, a także pokazanie tego procesu na tle obowiązujących przepisów prawnych o ochronie gruntów rolnych i leśnych. Procedura związana z wyłączeniem gruntów z produkcji rolnej jest dosyć skomplikowana i wymaga czasu oraz zaangażowania dużej liczby osób. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono ogólny zarys całej procedury, a także co jest z tym związane, kierunki rozwoju gospodarki i wiele danych o rynku nieruchomości rolnych i leśnych na terenie gminy Siedlce. Wyniki zostały omówione jak również przedstawione na wykresach i mapach.
The article shows the problem of forest grounds rental rates determination. The study was conducted in the Kudypy Forest District (north−eastern Poland). It is often impossible to define rent based on the tender procedure, because only one entity is interested in using the ground or part of it. To solve such problem, the author proposed and tested the direct method of rent determination based on real estate market value. The limited market of leased forest and wooded lands, especially ones leased for roads, makes it impossible to use direct methods. It is necessary to seek for indirect ways to determine the remuneration for making the land available. In practice, the use of estimated land rent in comparative approach (direct method) results in doubts as to whether the outcome should be regarded as a market one. This concerns the difficulty of obtaining the market data due to the restricted access to contracts. The conducted studies present the description of the current procedures used to estimate rental rates for forest and wooded areas in case of the limited market. The article also shows weaknesses of used solutions. The rental rate estimation process was proposed and verified in reference to average land prices for the grounds that comply with the lease purpose. Ultimately, the proposed method takes into consideration particular features of leased forest land. The studies were conducted on different types of undeveloped properties. As the result, it was proved that there is a possibility to estimate a rental rate using the direct method, while the leasing market of forest lands is limited. It is crucial, during the rate fixing, to estimate and adapt real estate prices of properties that are or will be used in the way matching the lease purpose. The use of ground prices with different technical and utility use can cause huge discrepancies between the actual and estimated rental rate. For example, the use of land prices in indirect method leads to underestimation of rental rate by 65%. On the other hand, the rate that was based on the commercial and recreational property prices give a 36% higher result from the value that was determined by the direct method (0.72 PLN/m²).
The article discusses the legal conditions for converting the purpose of farming and forest land to other purposes The author presented both the meaning of such procedure in the legal system and its individual elements. A special analysis focuses on finding correctly which categories of land require a permit from specific authorities to change their purpose. This also covers such elements as the area and the content of farming land with specified grades. As shown in the article, this issue is subject to numerous and varying verdicts from administrative courts. Also, the procedure of issuing permits for converting the purpose of the land is discussed, including the authorities issuing such permits and the criteria they should apply in doing so. In procedural issues, it is crucial that the circle of parties to the administrative proceedings should be determined. In this scope, the position of administrative courts also varies to a high degree, which can bring serious practical issues in the application of the regulations in place.
Sylwan
|
1995
|
tom 139
|
nr 05
61-70
W artykule porównano metody i procedury wyceny nieruchomości leśnych (gruntów leśnych bez drzewostanu) w Niemczech i Polsce. Zaprezentowano w nim także rynek obrotu gruntami leśnymi bez drzewo-stanu w wybranych obszarach w granicach administracyjnych badanych nadleśnictw. Stwierdzono zwiększającą się ilość transakcji tego typu nieruchomościami w latach 2004-2007. Podjęto próbę zastosowania w badanych obszarach metody tzw,,niemieckiej'' wyceny gruntów leśnych bez drzewostanu. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że metoda ta jest możliwa do zastosowania w polskich uwarunkowaniach społeczno-ekonomicznych. Metoda ta odznacza się prostotą i zwiększa możliwości zastosowania podejścia porównawczego do wyceny gruntów leśnych bez drzewostanu.
The chapter presents the role of the environmental impact assessment system in force in Poland, both the strategic environmental impact assessment, and the assessment of the environmental impact of planned projects, in the protection of valuable environmental resources, such as arable and forest land. Participation in this procedure of government administration boards (as organs conducting or co-operating), specialized in the field of environmental protection, contributes to the protection of agricultural and forest land. Achieving the objectives set for the protection of agricultural and forest land is ensured, inter alia, in the legal regulations of the planning procedure, making it possible to limit the use of this land for other purposes. The procedure of environmental impact assessments indirectly contributes to this protection, however, in order to increase the compatibility of legal provisions and minimize uncontrolled often pressure on these valuable environmental resources, the provisions regulating the impact of the implementation of urbanization plans (planning and investment) should be regulated in more detail in this range.
The registered parcel can be explained as continuous part of land within a subdistrict. It has to be also homogeneous legally and separated from other objects by the boundary lines. In the spatial structure of the State Forests National Forest Holding the registered parcel correspond to a forest compartment. The paper presents new approach to registered parcel definition, which can store more than one forest compartment (forest complex). In this way it is possible to create new basic area object as a base for cadastre (land registry) within the forest district. The aim of this study was to assess positioning accuracy of the boundary marker and the area of registered parcel. The measurements were conducted on stabilized boundary markers within forest complex and not−stabilized boundary markers within forest compartments. Using surveying technology the network of polygonal traverses were created. The control points for every travers line were measured by geodetic class GNSS receiver. It was assumed that all measured coordinates are free from error, so it was possible to asses registered parcel positioning errors. These errors are ±3.96 m for not−stabilized boundary markers and ±0.43 m for stabilized boundary markers. Applying the new idea, all existing forest compartments were joint into one big parcel within forest complex. The total number of parcels was reduced from 988 to 335. Based on formula [4] the area of parcels was calculated in two variants: considering their existing borders (not−stabilized boundary markers) and considering merged parcels (stabilized boundary markers). For the previous, the average error of parcel area equals to 1348 m² (26−6606, standard deviation=814 m²). In the latter variant, the average error of parcel area is much lower and equals 147 m² (5−3008, standard deviation=293 m²). The final results prove that new concept for basic area objects is justified and should be gradually implemented in the State Forests. This idea will not only facilitate forest management, but increase accuracy of borders positioning and simplify land registry as well.
The basic criterion for determining whether there should be a change in the use of forest land for non-forest purposes is the conceptual category of “forest land”. This category, according to the Act on the Protection of Lands, is not identical with forest land in the land and building register, but refers to the concept of forest in accordance with the Forestry Act, taking into account the surface criterion and connection with forest management. This leads to major practical difficulties, as it is usually the register of land and buildings that is the basic source of information on land cover. The above issue is illustrated by the issue of tree and bushy land discussed in the article, which despite the fact that they are forest land according to the records, do not constitute forests. In the author’s opinion, such lands do not require permission to change their purpose for non-forest purposes.
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