Seed quality at physiological and harvest maturity of two pigeon pea cultivars viz. AL15 and T21 was compared. Seeds of both cultivars attained maximum dry weights, germination potential and seed vigor in terms of root/shoot lengths and dry weights of seedlings at 35 DAA in cv AL15 and 46 DAA in cv T21 denoting their physiological maturities. The levels of endogenous seed reserves like starch, proteins, lipids, DINA and RNA were comparable at physiological and harvest maturities. The seeds at physiological maturities i.e. at 35 DAA in cv AL15 and 46 DAA in cv T21 attained most of the required characters associated with the harvest of crop.