Cucumber has high climatic demands especially in relation to temperature. Humidity, air temperature and UV light intensity are main factors affecting cucumber crop quality and quantity. Due to the instability of the above during the changing seasons in Poland, all-year-round cultivation of cucumber is difficult. In our experiment we used three types of substrates: rock wool, perlite and wood fibre. Cucumber cultivation was carried out in three times of the year. These two were main changing factors of the experiment. Our research proved that the best quality cucumbers was obtained in the second cultivation period – between April and August, due to the optimum climatic conditions for that species. The type of a substrate also affected the quantity of crops – the highest crops were on wood fiber, slightly lower on perlite. Higher content of dry matter, vitamin C, total sugars, calcium and phosphorus was observed in cucumber fruits from summer cultivation and a high content of nitrogen and potassium was found in cucumber fruits from autumn cultivation.