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The study concerning effects of long-term (40 years) differentiated fertilization on soil reaction and available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium content in soil. The experiment included five treatments: an unfertilized treatment (control), treatment fertilized with manure, manure + liming, fertilized with mineral fertilizers + liming and fertilized with mineral fertilizers + manure + liming. Soil samples were also taken in 1979 and 2001 from the field of differentiated fertilization since 1960, at Field Experiment Station of Warsaw Agricultural University in Łyczyn. The total content of micronutrients (Mn, Zn and Cu) after extraction with HCl : HNO₃ = 1:3, and available forms of manganese, zinc and copper after extraction with 1 mol HCl·dm⁻³ were detected in these soils. It was found that 40 years differentiated fertilization significantly affected the soil pH and content of available macronutrients in soil. On the treatments with mineral fertilization with liming and mineral-organic fertilization with liming, an increase of soil pH and soil abundance in available phosphorus and potassium forms was observed. Differentiated fertilization did not affect on magnesium content in soil. On the treatments with long-term manure fertilization (without mineral fertilization and liming), an increase of soil abundance in available phosphorus forms was observed. On the liming treatments an increase of soil pH was observed. Different fertilization (for 20-years) did not influence on the total content of manganese, zinc and copper in soil. Total concentrations of Mn, Zn and Cu in soil were characteristic for non-contaminated soils. During 20 years of experiment content of available forms of manganese and copper in soil did not change. The content of available forms of zinc was decreased.
In the paper the results of the influence of defecation lime brought into the soil in three ways on the pH level and on the content of certain available nutrients are discussed. The results show the positive effect of waste lime on the soil pH level. Liming also positively affected the content of available phosphorus in soil and to smaller extent the concentration of magnesium. It did not have any influence on the content of potassium.
In the years 1981-1989 a thorough study was made of reaction and macro- (P, K, Mg) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Zn) resources of soils depending on their agronomical categories (very light, light, medium-heavy and heavy soils). Ploughing layer of soils at 47 localities placed all over the country was sampled; 38 thousands of soil samples were collected and analyzed. A strict relationship between reaction and macro- and micronutrients content level, and agronomical category of soil has been found; pH and nutrient resources of soils increased together with the category degree. Changes of soil fertility indexes of the respective categories were small in general throughout the investigation and were placed in the same soil fertility grade.
Opracowanie powstało na podstawie wyników zebranych z trzyletniego doświadczenia polowego prowadzonego na glebie płowej wytworzonej z lessu. Celem badań była ocena zawartości dostępnych form azotu w warstwie gleby 0 - 20 cm, w zależności od zastosowanego nawożenia mineralnego (NPK). Stwierdzono, że jedynie nawożenie azotem powodowało istotne przyrosty N łatwo hydrolizującego, N-NH₄ i N-NO₃ w warstwie ornej gleby. Zawartość ocenianych form azotu była istotnie wyższa po drugim i trzecim pokosie kupkówki, w stosunku do pierwszego pokosu. Największą stabilnością wykazywała się forma azotu łatwo hydrolizującego, mniejszą amonowego i azotanowego (V).
The research was made in eight places in Lublin administrative area. Soil samples were taken from the arable layers of 23 productive fields after harvesting rape, careals and potatoes. The influence of the pH value of soil on the content of available phosphorus, potassium and magnesium forms and also on the content of easily hydrolyzable nitrogen. On the basis of the obtained results it was determined that available magnesium and phosphorus contents were directly proportional to the value of the pH of soil. However, it did not influence the content of the available potassium forms. The easily hydrolyzable nitrogen content was negatively correlated with the value of the pH of soil. Apart from the level of soil acidification the level of available nutrients in the tested soils was influenced by the forecrop plants and the level of the applied fertilization.
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