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Lithuania is situated in the very north-western corner of the large distribution range of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula and it might be considered that dormouse habitats should be both different and sub-optimal in this area in comparison to central parts of the range. The aims of the present study were to analyse which vegetation parameters determine nest site preference of D. nitedula and to compare these with nest site preferences of other dormouse species. The population of D. nitedula was studied from 2001 to 2011 using nestboxes set up in a grid system, with regular control of the nestboxes and ringing of dormice captured. During entire study period, 97 individuals were marked with rings and the total number of dormouse captures was 440. Vegetation parameters (the composition of the overstorey and understorey, the numbers and cover of different tree and shrub species, absence of vegetation etc.) were evaluated quantitatively in areas of 2500 m2 around 58 nestboxes at this study site. During the period 2001–2002, the abundance of D. nitedula was relatively high, with the dormice using the entire area of the study site, showing a preference for nest sites with a more diverse overstorey and understorey. However, no significant correlations were found between indices of nestbox use and other vegetation parameters in this period. During the period 2003–2011, when the dormouse abundance was lower but stable, dormice used only part of the study site area, in this preferring nest sites with a better developed and diverse understorey (especially with young rowan, lime and aspen trees), with more abundant mature oak, lime and black alder trees and a higher percentage of raspberry and bramble cover, as well as overgrown clearings. D. nitedula avoided nest sites with higher total number of mature trees (especially Scotch pine and Norway spruce), as well as areas with higher percentage of bilberry cover and open areas (rides, presence of stumps). In general, a well-developed and diverse understorey was the main habitat component which determined nest site preference of D. nitedula in the very northwestern corner of its range. Thus, D. nitedula retains its main habitat requirement which is characteristic also for other parts of its large range. Vegetation parameters determining nest site preference of D. nitedula are rather similar to nest site preference of the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius. However, D. nitedula may live in less rich habitats probably because their diet includes more food of animal origin.
The parasitic fauna of the edible dormouse was studied in 2004. Nine species of ectoparasites were registered: fleas (Siphonaptera) – 7, gamasid mites (Gamasoidea) – 1, harvest mites (Trombidiidae) – 1. Two ectoparasite species predominated: a flea Nosopsyllus sciurorum and a harvest mite Trombicula zachvatkini. We revealed differences in the infection rates of dormice of different age and sex. Adult individuals were more infected than juveniles in terms of the index of abundance. Infection among males was higher than in females in terms of index of occurrence.
Population dynamics, space use and interspecific interactions of the forest dormouse Dryomys nitedula were studied for four years in an oak-hornbeam forest in the Białowieża Primeval Forest (NE Poland). Animals were captured with live-traps and marked by eartattooing. Population density ranged from 1.4 to 18.6 individuals × 10 ha⁻¹. Dormice reproduced in all years of study (2001–2004). Offspring were born in June and first juveniles were caught at the beginning of August. The last dormice were captured at the end of September. Three forest dormice (1 male and 2 females) were radio-tracked during first half of June 2001. Male home range area was larger (4.2 ha) than home range areas of females (0.75 and 0.73 ha). The longest distance between two consecutive daytime nest sites was 275 m for the male and 126 m for the females. Average home range length calculated from radiotracked individuals (218 m) was larger than the one from live-trapped dormice (93 m). Dormice used bird nest boxes and tree hollows for daytime nest sites. They preferred nesting in the nest boxes previously occupied by birds and they used old bird nest material for the nest construction. Home ranges of radio-tracked forest dormice overlapped widely with home ranges of fat dormice Glis glis. Most of live-traps used by the forest dormouse were also visited by the fat dormouse.
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