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1

Importance of old forest stands for diversity of birds in managed pine forests – a case study from Augustow Forest (NE Poland)

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Zawadzka D., Drozdowski S., Zawadzki G., Zawadzki J., Mikitiuk A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2018
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tom 66
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nr 2
We assessed the assemblages of birds inhabiting pine-dominated managed forest, aged between 1–5 years and above 140 years. Birds were counted on study plots representing eight different phases to the forest's development, with nesting, foraging and migratory guild categories recognised. Numbers of bird species and population densities, both increased markedly with stand age (respectively r = 0.988 and r = 0.936, P < 0.001). While numbers of ground-nesting bird species failed to correlate with stand age, successively older stands did support ever-greater proportions of species in the assemblage that nested in tree crowns (r = 0.976, P < 0.005) or tree holes (r = 0.833, P < 0.005). Raptors were most abundant in forest at the oldest stages of growth, and there was an age-gradient-related increase in the shares of both plant-eating species (r = 0.952, P < 0.005) and raptors (r = 0.764, P < 0.005). Resident birds were most numerous in the oldest forest. PCA for ten selected variables (relating to guild type) showed that the two principal components explained almost 98% of the variation among groups of bird guilds in relation to forest age. On the basis of their suitability for birds it was possible to distinguish three categories of stand by age group, of which the first encompasses the initial stage, the second a broad interval involving middle-aged stands of between 16 and 140 years, and the third forest more than 140 years old. The presence of the oldest stands of all can thus be seen to play a very important role in maintaining high-diversity populations of birds in managed forest.
2

Ancient forest species in tree stands of different age as indicators of the continuity of forest habitat

100%
Sikorska D., Sikorski P., Wierzba M.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Horticulture and Landscape Architecture
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2008
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tom 29
3

The role of forest age, habitat quality, food resources and weather conditions for Tawny Owl Strix aluco populations

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Wiacek J., Polak M., Grzywaczewski G.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2010
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tom 19
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nr 5
The main goal of this study was to determine the reason for the significant increase of the tawny owl Strix aluco population in Kozłówka Forest near Lubartów (51°30' N, 22°35' E) in eastern Poland. Since 1990, this forest complex has been part of Kozłowiecki Landscape Park. Our research was conducted using standard playback method on a sample plot covering 50 km2. Each year in March and April 1990-91 and 2007-09, three counts with vocal stimulation were performed on the study plot. Between 1991 and 2009, a significant increase in the density of the tawny owl population was observed from 2.4 pairs/10 km2 to 4.6 pairs/10 km2. We discuss how habitat quality, food availability, and weather conditions can explain this phenomenon.
4

Influence of species composition and forest age on leaf area index

100%
Kram K. J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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1998
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tom 46
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nr 1
5

Cavity roost site availability and habitat use by bats in different aged riparian cottonwood stands

80%
Swystun M. B., Lane J. E., Brigham R. M.
Acta Chiropterologica
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2007
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tom 09
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nr 1
Riparian forests provide important roosting habitat, abundant prey and access to drinking water for many bat species but to date there has been little research on the differential quality of habitats within riparian areas. We quantified the density of potential roost cavities in three age classes (i.e., young: ca. 20 years, mature: ca. 60 years, and old: ca. 100 years) of riparian cottonwood (Populus deltoides) forest stands. Bat activity was also sampled using acoustic detectors in one representative stand of each age class. Stands were situated along an 80 km stretch of the Missouri River in southeastern South Dakota and northwestern Iowa, USA. We predicted the highest density of potential roosts and the highest activity of bats to occur in the oldest age class. Contrary to our predictions, and previous work in aspen dominated upland sites, we found that the density of potential roosts was not significantly different between mature and old stands. However, there were no potential roosts in young stands. Data from guano traps verified the use of a number of cavities in both mature and old stands. Both commuting and foraging activities were highest in the mature, relative to the old and young stand. In total, our data indicate that mature and old stands represent high quality roosting habitat, with the mature being used preferentially for commuting and foraging. Trees in the oldest stands, however, are nearing the end of their lifespan and falling. Younger cohorts must therefore be retained for future recruitment of natural cavities.
6
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Deforestation and its impacts on climate change an overview of Pakistan

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Ali A., Riaz S., Iqbal S.
Papers on Global Change
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2014
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nr 21
Forests are one the main natural factors that regulate and determine climate, weather patterns and amount of CO2 of an area. With rapid industrialization and rapid urbanization there is a significant increase in deforestation and as a consequence rise in global mean surface temperatures. Rapid and unchecked cut down of forest cover has resulted in some of the worst disasters during the last decades. This paper focuses on studying the role of deforestation, its influence on climate change phenomena and its consequences in Pakistan.
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