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Leaf beetles and fruitfly infestation greatly limits water melon (Citrullus lanatus) production throughout the tropics. The efficacy of aqueous plant extracts applied at 5 % w/v concentration of two botanicals (neems seed oil and garlic bulb) and 1.5 melt of one synthetic insecticide (karate 2.5 EC) against their infestation were evaluated. The effects of these treatments including control on the number of the insects, number of leaves, vines, length of vines, number of fruits, fruit weight, fruit damaged and undamaged were assessed during 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons in Lawanti, Gombe state, Northern Guinea Savannah region of Nigeria. Result of the study showed that neem seed oil and garlic bulb treatments at 5 % w/v were effective against the leaf beetles and water melon fruitfly as the synthetic insecticide karate 2.5 EC in managing the water melon insect pests. Karate 2.5 EC significantly reduced the infestation of the insect pests of water melon and increased number of leaves, vines, length of vines, number of fruits, fruit weight and number of undamaged fruits/plot followed closely by neem seed oil (A. indica) and garlic bulb (A. sativum) extracts. Water melon a growth and fruit yields were appreciably improved in these treatment while untreated control water melon crops had more leafs beetles and fruitfly infestations, poor plant growth and lower fruit yields. Both botanicals can thus serve as alternatives to synthetic insecticides for managing water melon leaf beetles and fruitfly attack.
This work presents the results concerning the yielding (time of ripening, weight of clusters and berries, fertility of vines, percent of soluble solids, taste of fruits), winter hardiness and susceptibility to fungal diseases (downy mildew, powdery mil­dew, grey mould and excoriose) of 25 selected cultivars for processing. The investiga­tions were carried out in the grapevine collection of the Research Institute of Pomol­ogy and Floriculture in Skierniewice, Poland. This grapevine collection was estab­lished in 1992, and it is consisted of 234 taxons. Assessed genotypes differed consid­erably in terms of the examined traits. Berries ripened from the second half of August ('Reform') until the second week of October ('V 71141', 'Sibera'). In the years 2005­2009, vines of the hybrid 'V 64035' and cultivars 'Seyval' and 'Cayuga White' were most productive. Berries of 'Delaware' were characterized by having the highest level of soluble solids. Vines of interspecific hybrids were less susceptible to frost damage and fungal diseases than cultivars of V. vinifera ('Chasselas Dore', 'Ortega'). Inter­specific hybrids 'Seyval', 'Bianca', 'Sibera', 'Marechal Foch', 'Rondo' and 'Regent' were distinguished as having the best yielding and highest quality of fruit from among the assessed cultivars, for commercial wine making. 'Aurore', 'Delaware', 'Cascade' and 'Golubok' were relatively reliable in yielding, and their grapes may be used for the production of juice and home wines.
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea Linn.) is one of the important vegetables grown worldwide. Insect pests have been a major constraint to its production with some reported to have developed resistance to commonly available synthetic insecticides. In order to find alternative control for these pests, field experiments were conducted in the early seasons of 2011 and 2012, to evaluate the efficacy of three plant extracts, Tephrosia vogelli Hooks, Zingiber officinales Rosh and Lantana camara Spanish flag, applied at 5, 10 and 25 % w/v concentrations Delthamethrin (a synthethic insecticide) and an unsprayed plot were included as positive and negative controls respectively. Plots were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replications. Mean Data over the two planting seasons were subjected to the analysis of variance and significant means were compared using the least significant difference (L.S.D) at P < 0.05. Z. officinales extract effectively control P. xylostella larvae at all concentrations with 25 % w/v gave the best yield of 0.50 kg/ha while T. vogelii and L. camara extracts were as effective as Deltamethrin at different concentrations and hours on diamondback-moth (P. xylostella) adult The present findings indicated that effective botanicals against Diamondback moth adult and larvae of cabbage can be formulated from extract of T. vogelii, L. camara and Z. officinales at 25 % concentration respectively.
A rapid malaria diagnostic test, OptiMAL®, was evaluated in a field based study in different epidemiological zones of India. The test can differentiate P. falciparum and non-P. falciparum malaria. The OptiMAL test is based on a dipstick principle for detection of parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). Since it has been shown that HRP-2 antigen can be detected even after parasitological cure, pLDH detection is more suited for follow up of patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the test compared to microscopy was evaluated in 699 febrile patients from all the study sites. The sensitivity and specificity obtained with the OptiMAL test was 87.9% (79-100%) and 98.9% (95.4-100%) respectively, for diagnosis of falciparum malaria while sensitivity and specificity of OptiMAL for diagnosis of non-falciparum malaria (P. vivax) were 93% (89.2-100%) and 96.8% (94.3-100%), respectively. However, failure to detect high parasitaemia in one patient with P. falciparum malaria is of particular concern. Although the rapid tests have a definite role in diagnosis of malaria especially where expertise for microscopy is not available, the cost of the test kits remains a major obstacle to their wide spread use in developing countries.
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Nowe regulacje prawne w nasiennictwie ziemniaka

61%
Ziemniak Polski
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2004
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tom 14
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nr 2
7-13
In 2006–2009, a field experiment aimed at assessing the reliability of forecasting the development of Colorado potato beetle population with the use of decision support system SimLep 3 was carried out. SimLep 3 simulates Colorado potato beetle population development, based on the measurement of air temperature and results of field observations made at the beginning of egg deposition period. It was stated a complete confirmation between forecasted dates and real dates of egg maximum abundance, and the highest intensity of young larva infestation. Small differences between forecasted and real date of L1 and L3 appearance did not affect the usefulness of SimLep 3 system for effective potato crop protection against Colorado potato beetle.
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