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The aim of the study was to trace the ERα immunoreactivity in the hippocampal astrocytes of ovariectomized rabbits with and without the application of 17β-estradiol. The study comprised sexually mature female rabbits that had undergone ovariectomy. The animals were divided into two experimental groups. Group I comprised of the ovariectomized rabbits and group II . the ovariectomized animals treated with 17β -estradiol. The immunocytochemical reaction was conducted with the application of two antibodies against estrogen receptors a. In the ovariectomized rabbits which did not receive 17β -estradiol the astrocytes were characterized by ERα immunoreactivity. Similarly in group II expression of ERα was found in the hippocampus astrocytes following the application of 17β -estradiol. In astrocytes, these receptors are located in the cell body and initial processes and rarely in cell nuclei. The results suggest that astrocytes are the target cells for estrogens, changing their function and modulating hippocampal neuron activity.
Due to the functions that estrogens play in the regulation of reproduction, development of mammary gland, growth and differentiation of cells, estrogen receptors and their genes are considered candidates for molecular markers of production and functional traits in farm animals. In this study,using the SSCP and DNA sequencing, we found a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the coding region of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) gene – the A/C transversion at position 323,396 (relative to the start of transcription site), in exon 7, that could be also detected with RFLP-CfrI.This mutation causes the amino acid replacement – Asparatic acid/Alanine in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the receptor.The ERα A/C (RFLP-CfrI) genotypes were estimated in a cohort of 489 cattle of different breeds,including 355 Red-and-White cows. Association was studied between ERα genotype and dairy production traits (milk yield and composition) and functional traits (reproduction, length of productive life). The results showed that ERα A/C genotype affected significantly only a few traits of interest: protein and fat content in milk, sex of calves born. No associations were detected between ERα genotype and milk yield and reproduction traits of Red-and-White cows.
Graves' (GD) hyperthyroidism leads to reduced bone mineral density (BMD) accompanied by accelerated bone turnover. Ample studies have identified association between estrogen receptor (ESR1) gene polymorphism and decreased BMD and osteoporosis. In contrast, number of publications that link ESR1, BMD and Graves' disease is limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between ESR1 polymorphisms and BMD in premenopausal women with GD and to determine whether ESR1 polymorphic variants can predispose to GD. The study included 75 women aged 23-46 years with GD and 163 healthy controls. BMD was measured at lumbar spine and femoral neck. We investigated two SNPs in the ESR1 gene and analyzed genetic variants in the form of haplotypes reconstructed by statistical method. Three out of four possible haplotypes of the PvuII and XbaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms were found in GD patients: px (55.3 %), PX (33.3 %) and Px (11.4 %). Women homozygous for xx of XbaI and for pp of PvuII had the lowest BMD at lumbar spine. Moreover, the px haplotype predisposed to reduced lumbar BMD. No associations were observed for femoral neck BMD. No statistically significant relationship were found between ESR1 polymorphisms or their haplotypes and GD. These results indicate that the PvuII and the XbaI polymorphisms of ESR1 gene are associated with bone mineral density in premenopausal women with GD and may help to estimate the risk of bone loss particularly at lumbar spine. However, none of the ESR1 gene alleles predict the risk of GD in Polish female patients.
The aims of the study were to compare the in vitro effects of daidzein or 17ß-estradiol (E2) on: 1) progesterone (P4) secretion by luteinized granulosa cells harvested from large porcine follicles, as well as 2) estrogen receptor and ß (ER and ERß) mRNA and protein expression in the cells. In addition, the effect of daidzein on E2 secretion and viability of the granulosa cells was examined. We found that basal and gonadotropin-stimulated P4 secretion were inhibited in granulosa cells cultured in the presence of daidzein either for 24 or 48 hours. In contrast to daidzein, E2 reduced P4 secretion only during 24-hour cell cultures increasing it during longer cultures. Daidzein did not affect E2 secretion by granulosa cells. The expression of ER and ERß mRNA, as well as ERß protein, was up-regulated by daidzein but unaffected by E2. To conclude, the soy estrogen daidzein acts directly on the porcine ovary to decrease progesterone production and to increase expression of ERß mRNA and protein. Daidzein actions in porcine luteinized granulosa cells differ from those of estradiol and it may suggest disadvantageous effects of the phytoestrogen on reproductive processes in females.
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