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In case of small animals the endoscopic examination of the digestive tract may apply to the endoscopy of esophagus, stomach and duodenum, which is described as the examination of the anterior part of the digestive tract (panendoscopy), or may be limited to examination of rectum and colon, which is described as endoscopy of the posterior part of the digestive tract. The examination was performed in the 12 cats of European race, various sex, 2-6 years of age and divided into 2 groups. We received some interesting results: Fibroscopy of the anterior part of digestive tract is a safe and very useful diagnostic technique to recognise esophagus, stomach and duodenum illnesses in cats. Olympus XQ 20 pediatric fibroscope can be used in endoscopy of the anterior part of digestive tract in cats. Esophagoscopy might be performed with stiff endoscope, which is of little use in gastroscopy.
Introduction and Objective. The study describes the clinical characteristics of two patients who underwent endoscopic removal of a foreign body from the GI tract. Thea in was comparative analysis of endoscopy and other methods of treatment. Materials and method. The cases of two patients who presented to the ED with complaints related to the swallowing of foreign bodies (dentures) were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnostic methods, treatment, risk factors and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Conclusions. In most cases, endoscopy is an effective method of foreign body removal; however, some patients may require other treatment (eg. patients with risk factors or location/position of foreign body that cannot be treated by endoscopy). Endoscopy is also safe, available and a relatively quick procedure.
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Laparoscopic procedures in dogs and cats

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Laparoscopic procedures are gaining wider application in veterinary medicine. The fnollowing article contains description of indispensable equipment for performing surgical procedures with use of laparoscopic technique and reviews some laparoscopic procedures which found application in veterinary medicine.
In 1987 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the British Society of Gastroenterology Sir Francis Avery-Jones (1) wrote (perhaps a little exaggerating) in his introductory remarks: “In 1937 the alimentary tract was invisible, impalpable and inaccessible-except the top and the bottom”. Indeed, diagnostics in gastroenterology was very weak and uncertain at the beginning and even in the middle of the last century. Endoscopy and radiology, developing first apart and then together revolutionized the diagnostics and consequently the practice in gastroenterology. Endoscopy brought a new access to operative procedures alleviating the burden of open surgery as well. The method, apart from knowledge, needs personal skills and so new problems of postgraduate education and ethics appeared. Due to the enormous progress in science and in technology it has reached the present level of accuracy. Polish gastroenterology with its early achievements in gastric secretion (Leon Popielski, histamine), abdominal surgery (Ludwik Rydygier, first gastric resection), endoscopy (Jan Mikulicz-Radecki) and later research upon the neuro-hormonal brain-gut axis (Stanis³aw J. Konturek) tried to keep pace with the world-wide progress in this field. The Polish contributions to the growing knowledge and improving practice may be traced from the very beginning of the 20th century.
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Therapeutic endoscopy in gastroenterology

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Przeprowadzono pomiary stężeń glutaraldehydu w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy pielęgniarek pracowni endoskopowych w celu oceny narażenia zawodowego. Stwierdzono, że związek ten występował w stężeniach przekraczających wartości najwyższych dopuszczalnych stężeń NDS i NDSCh na wszystkich badanych stanowiskach.
Nasal diseases of chronic nature are a common clinical complaint in canine practice. However, precise diagnosis in these cases is often difficult and require the use of various, additional diagnostic methods. The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of diseases of the upper respiratory tracts in dogs, and to evaluate the usefulness of endoscopy in the diagnostic process as a method of obtaining a final diagnosis. In the group of dogs in which rhinoscopy was performed, the most common final diagnoses were nonspecific chronic rhinitis, followed by neoplasms and infectious rhinitis. It can be concluded that rhinoscopy should be considered mainly as a preliminary method of inspection of the nasal cavity, helpful in obtaining the most representative tissue specimen/specimens for histopathology. In some cases, especially foreign objects and congenital abnormalities rhinoscopy can give the possibility of obtaining a final diagnosis. However, even in these situations and also when any macroscopic lesion is found during endoscopy, microscopic examination of the mucosa specimen should be performed.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of gastric Helicobacter-like organisms (GHLO) and gastritis in the gastric mucosa of dogs with gastric disorders. Tissue samples of the gastric mucosa were obtained from 30 dogs with gastrointestinal symptoms (vomiting, abdominal pain or discomfort, loss of appetite) during endoscopy. Histopathological examinations were performed and occurrence of GHLO infection, gastritis and other mucosal changes were estimated. The GHLO infection and gastritis were identified in 63.3 and 36.6% of dogs respectively; other mucosal changes included fibrosis in the lamina propria, degenerative changes of the gastric glands and hyperplasia of the parietal cells. The present study has revealed that microscopically found gastritis is not frequent in dogs examined by endoscopy. GHLO infection can be responsible for some cases of gastritis and hyperplasia of parietal cells in dogs.
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