Wild animals migrating hundreds of kilometres look for more favourable habitats, mating and breeding grounds, as well as for areas for summer and winter stay. Migrations for shorter distances are aimed to search for feeding and watering grounds and areas where they can hide and rest. The disruption of migration routes by the construction of a highway destroys these systems. In addition, it isolates animals. The absence of gene exchange leads to the weakening and degeneration of isolated populations, resulting in their extinction. The author justifies the need to consider these factors during highway construction in Poland.