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The essence of conducting a forest nursery production is high quality planting material. Its essential element is rational fertilization of plants grown and conscious use of available methods and fertilizer application. Studies on the effects of fertilization on the growth of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) can be used by foresters to properly choose the fertilizer needed to achieve the target of production. In the research foliar fertilization was applied, by the following means: “EM Naturally Active” (EM Naturalnie Aktywny – Greenland EM Technology) – liquid organic fertilizer with soil microorganisms, “Bioekor for conifers and ericaceous plants” (Bioekor dla iglaków i roślin wrzosowatych) – mineral foliar fertilizer in the form of a liquid concentrate trace elements and natural growth substances, “Ekolist standard” mineral foliar fertilizer in the form of a liquid concentrate. The study was conducted in 2009-2010 in the forest nursery situated in the Forest District Spychowo. Spruce seedlings transplanting was used. Experiments consisted of four objects repeated in four blocks. The fertilization was performed six times – 2009, and four – 2010. The measurements were performed three times. Annual growth of seedlings taken, from height of measurement was calculated. Analysis of the results obtained, did not show statistically significant differences for any of the applied methods of fertilization.
The objective of the study was comparison of populations of selected physiological groups of bacteria, and determination of their enzymatic and biochemical activity in soil under a culture of spring barley after the application with effective microorganisms (EM) and without such a treatment. The application of spraying with the EM biopreparation caused an initial decrease in the numbers of most of the studied physiological groups of microorganisms and lowering of the activity of the enzymes under study, after which certain increasing trends were observed.
“Effective Microorganisms” (EM) – a mixture of lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts and fungi are used mainly in agriculture and organic waste treatment. Recently, they have also been added to water and feed for animals, as well as to processing their excrements into compost and to eliminate the stench. The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of a 14-day administration of an EM solution in drinking water to layer hens on chosen haematological and biochemical indexes. The research was carried out on 120 hens divided into two equal groups. The birds in the experimental group were given drinking water with dissolved EM (5% solution), and those in the control group – water without the preparation. On the 64th day of the aviculture, the hens were weighted and their blood was taken from the wing vein for haematological and biochemical examinations. Administering EM with water to hens did not influence significantly their body weight nor chosen haematological and biochemical indexes. A significant increase was found only in the number of platelets, the level of albumins, the content of total cholesterol and the LDH activity, however, a decrease in the ALT activity was observed.
A field experiment was performed during the years 2003-2005. An influence of EM (Effective Microorganisms) on the composition and number of fungi isolated from soil was found in the experiment. A total of 18111 fungal cultures were isolated from the roots of pea at flowering stage. The highest amount and the lowest diversity of fungi were obtained from rhizosphere of pea treated with pesticides (3257 colonies). The greatest diversity of fungi was found in the case of rhizosphere and rhizoplane, where EM was used in soil with the supplement of pesticides. The greatest amount and diversity of fungi were found from the plant roots of the control object. During the flowering stage, the fungi most frequently isolated from soil belonged to the genus Penicillium (40.78% of all isolates) and Fusarium (33.37% of all isolates).
Two inoculums: Effective Microorganisms (EM) specimen available on the market and microbiological BAF1 inoculum, were applied in the experiment. The plants were cultivated in the growth chamber equipped with shelves with fluorescent or LED lamps. The highest number of inflorescences was under the influence of white color of light emitted by fluorescent lamps and blue color of light emitted by LED lamps, especially after application of BAF1 inoculum. Irrespective of microbiological inoculum, no significant effect of the color of light and type of lamps on such traits as height of leaves layer, number of leaves, greening index of leaves (SPAD) and length of inflorescences, was found. The white color light emitted by fluorescent lamps stimulated actinobacteria multiplication, especially after EM application. Regardless of the inoculum application, it was the blue color light emitted by LED lamps that stimulated the multiplication of moldy fungi. After the use of fluorescent lamps, the increase in dehydrogenase activity was observed, especially after the application of BAF1 inoculum. The activity of acid phosphatase was stimulated by blue and white+blue light emitted by LED lamps. The increase in the activity of urease was observed under fluorescent lamps emitting the green, blue and white color of light, after the application of EM.
Celem doświadczenia była ocena oddziaływania biopreparatu EM na plonowanie pszenicy jarej i środowisko glebowe. W tym celu założono doświadczenie, w którym obiektem badań był biopreparat EM oraz kombinacja kontrolna (nasiona moczone w wodzie). Stosowanie biopreparatu polegało na moczeniu nasion przez 45 minut w wcześniej przygotowanym roztworze (0,31 EM A + 1 dm3 H2O). Pszenicę odmiany Torka wysiano na poletkach o powierzchni 1 m2 w stanowisku po ziemniakach. Po zbiorze doświadczenia określono wielkość plonu (ziarno + słoma) oraz wykonano pomiary biometryczne. Pod wpływem stosowanego biopreparatu EM A wystąpił wyraźny wzrost zarówno plonu ziarna jak i słomy. Większy przyrost plonu odnotowano w przypadku ziarna. Wyższy poziom plonowania pszenicy na obiekcie z biopreparatem znajduje swoje odzwierciedlenie we wszystkich elementach struktury plonu, a w szczególności w liczbie i masie nasion z rośliny oraz obsadzie kłosów. W przypadku moczenia nasion biopreparatem EM zaobserwowano nieznaczny spadek liczebności bakterii i grzybów, ilości wydzielonego dwutlenku węgla, aktywności fosfatazy kwaśnej, liczebności bakterii proteolitycznych, a także obu badanych form azotu, natomiast niewielki wzrost stosunku liczbowego bakterii do grzybów, aktywności dehydrogenaz i proteaz, liczebności bakterii amonifikacyjnych, celulolitycznych, lipolitycznych i amylolitycznych oraz znaczny wzrost liczebności bakterii nitryfikacyjnych. Odczyn badanych gleb pozostawał na podobnym poziomie.
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