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Agriculture and its role in the economy of Russia

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The importance of agriculture in the Russian economy is relatively small, which is a characteristic feature of developed economies (about 4% of GDP). However, agriculture represents a significant share in the structure of the employed – 9.2%. The use of agriculture as self-sufficiency food has become essential after the embargo imposed on imported products. Russia as a country has a large area of land. The surface of used agricultural land after a fall in the nineties has stabilised at a level of 800 thous. km2. At the same time intensified agricultural production has resulted in increased performance and larger crops. Due to the progression of technology there is an opportunity for the development of agriculture in Russia.
Innovativeness is perceived as one of the most important driving forces of economic condition. The issue concerns both individual economic entities as well as whole economies. Innovativeness, in fact, brings various positive results. Innovative activity provides possibility to introduce new, innovative products or services on the market, use of more effective and frugal production methods, etc. Consequently, it provides the chance for business development, introduction on new markets or increased participation in the present ones. It may often result in an increased production or possibility to create new work places. With regard to economic situation it may result in an increase of GDP or a decrease of unemployment rate, which profoundly influences economic situation. [Prystrom, 2013, p. 82] The aim of the hereby study is to introduce the core of innovations and present chosen factors determining innovativeness in constructing competitive advantage, on the basis of Belgian economy, considered to be one of the most innovative and competitive in the world.
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The role of tourism in rural areas of Hungary

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Studied by many researchers, tourism has become a major income-generating sector of the economy. Tourism often creates potential and acts as an engine of local economic development for many rural areas however, it is not established in all areas. The utilization of tourism potential in rural areas is sometimes considered to be the “only and last resort” to generating economic growth, even though it is frequently not enough to solve long-lasting and serious problems existing in such areas. Thus, when developing the sector, it is necessary to examine the conditions of a given area. The aim of this study is to discover the touristic possibilities of rural areas and, with the application of certain indicators, quantify and define the long-term potentials of the sector.
The bio-economy, using biomass from various sources and in a wide range of sectors, has reached a significant scale in Europe. The current and the potential importance of the bio-economy is illustrated with data from Germany. While the potential uses of biomass are manifold, its availability is limited. This paper discusses the resulting competition for biomass and shows possibilities to increase the biomass-potential. To satisfy the increasing demand for biomass, further research in the forestry sector is needed.
Innovative activity is a key aspect in functioning of a company. Growth of competition resulting from market globalization, as well as a growing number of new customer expectations in the economic crisis force companies to look for new innovative solutions. However, deciding on innovation introduction needs to be economically justified from the perspective of the company. In the paper, economic aspects of innovative activity of companies functioning in the wood sector, compared to processing industry, have been presented.
Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of this article is to present the vision of ECLAC - Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and its contribution to the reflections on economic development. Materials and methods: This is an exploratory and descriptive study. The first part of the paper contemplates the emergence and evolution of ECLAC thinking during its more than sixty-five years of existence. The second deals with dependency theory, ending with the current thinking proposed by ECLAC. Results: It results in a brief analysis of the moment of the globalization of the economy as an exclusionary process in the history of capitalism, emphasizing the importance of the ECLAC thinking, reinvigorated nowadays. Conclusions: It is considered that the dependency theory has been the great contribution of ECLAC thinking, with the change of focus from a viewpoint only from the prism of the central countries, to an optic from the point of view of the peripheral countries.
This paper's discussion focuses on the phenomenon of the global financial crisis impact on the largest multinational corporations from the dominant economic sectors. Based on selected sectors in terms of the largest market capitalization rankings by the Financial Times Global 500, the author attempts to show how the individual values have changed within the period from 2008 to 2012, including: market capitalization, turnover and profit of sectors. Moreover, presented is the correlation between these variables as well as its strength. In addition, in the following paper, the author has isolated sectors which are related with so-called new economy to examine whether these sectors are less prone to the phenomenon of the crisis than the other sectors.
В статье проанализировано влияние рынка труда на формирование магистерских программ подготовки специалистов (магистров) для инженерно-технического обеспечения агропромышленного сектора экономики. Значительное внимание уделяется основным факторам качества учебного процесса подготовки специалистов (магистров) для инженерно-технического обеспе- чения агропромышленного сектора экономики.
Economics of quality is a trendy area of quality management. Nobody doubts the need to monitor and evaluate the costs related to quality. However, there were significant divisions by experts in the field, which is also reflected in practice. In our contribution, therefore, deal with it rather than theoretical knowledge is converted into company practices.
The paper presents construction of the economy barometer for agriculture and food-industry. Moreover, referential indexes and aggregated leading indexes were constructed. On the base of the referential indexes, analysis of cyclical changes in food-economy in the 1975-2003 years was carried out. Finally, warning forecasts for agriculture and food-industry were created.
The development of cellulosic bioethanol and other second-generation (2G) biofuels has gone through various phases during the last few years. The prospect of technological breakthroughs stimulates extensive research on turning cellulose into bioethanol or biodiesel. Agricultural or forestry residues and some plants, referred to as ‘lignocellulosic energy crops’ or ‘second generation (2G) energy crops’ can provide feedstock for new types of biofuels. The impact of lignocellulosic energy crops on farmland birds has been relatively well studied. This is surprising since the technology of converting these crops into fuel has so recently been developed. However, we believe that some questions regarding potential bird use of 2G energy crops have still not been answered. In Europe, most research has been carried out in agricultural areas of Western Europe. However, Central & Eastern Europe host the highest densities of farmland birds and, in general, the highest biodiversity. There is huge potential for 2G energy cropping due to large areas of mainly marginal land. We have outlined possible discrepancies between the results obtained from W. Europe and potential relationships between birds and 2G energy crops in Central Europe.
The development of the capital market made access to information about joint-stock companies on the market universal and free of expenses. Depending on the capital market's extent of effectiveness these information are variously reflected in share prices of joint-stock companies. This article aims to examine whether the announcement of publicly available information – quarterly earnings announcements of joint stock companies including their level – affects share prices of joint-stock companies on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. This article is also to study whether an investor using that fact has an ability to achieve above-average rates of return.
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