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Subject and purpose of work: This work presents an economic theory of religion. Its aim is to gain insight into one of the modern concepts of religion in the perspective of secularisation. Materials and methods: While describing the essence of this theory, apart from personal views, also other opinions of contemporary sociologists of religion were used. Results: This study highlighted the fact that the presented concept has a diverse range of references and interprets religion in a specific way. It is a concept competing against the secularisation thesis, and its essence is in direct application of the rational choice theory and exchange theory. Conclusions: Approaching religion only through the formula of supply, significantly reduces the field of interpretation and does not explain all the mechanisms of religious changes in the contemporary world.
Subject and purpose of work: This paper presents origins and reasons underlying formulation of the theory of state interventionism in the free-market mechanism of economy. Broad view on classical economic theory from contemporary situation is the main aim of the work. Materials and methods: Author’s as well as other economists’ opinions have been employed to elucidate the essence and meaning of the concept of interventionism. A limited scope of information and the lack of dominance of assessment in shaping market equilibrium as well as the role of global demand and full employment have been indicated in this paper. Results: J.M. Keynes argued that a state should play an active role in regulating the economy and should be able to make quick intervention decisions. Beside the theory proposed by J.M. Keynes, this paper outlined views by P. Krugman, A. Marshall and other economists considered as Neo Keynesians. Conclusions: Comparison between liberal and intervention trends in economics leads to the concept of social market economy and contemporary studies on public economics.
The objective of this study is to analyze the competitiveness through the prism of its theoretical background, methods of empirical estimation and influence factors. This paper contributes to the theoretical research on competitiveness not only by the synthesis of old and new writings as well as the findings of the exploratory studies, but also by concept synthesis of competitiveness. Since the concept of competitiveness can be reported to individual product/service, enterprise/farm, industry, economic sector, region, nation or international economic blocks, the attempts towards creating one common definition of competitiveness seem to be doomed to fail. Thus, our study does not answer the question which of the definitions proposed in the literature best capture commonly used notions of competitiveness, but our concern is about the ambiguity of those definitions which hampers the measurement and comparison of competitiveness. In order to mirror complexity of the aspects referring to the competitiveness we suggest using composite indicators to measure competitiveness. An important limitation of the empirical research on competitiveness is imperfect comparability of results across studies using different variables (features) describing competitiveness.
The goals of enterprises were and are variously defined. The enterprises undertake ever increasing socioeconomic role in the market economy. The main goal of the enterprise can be the generation of the largest return on capital for shareholder (owner). In the theory and practice there is a long lasting fanatic dispute about the essence of corporate social responsibility.
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