The resources of viable seeds laying in soil or on its surface are called a seed bank. Weeds, germinating on arable lands, originate from diaspores being the components of soil bank. The number of seeds in banks mainly depends on the factors determinating seed longevity. Fundamental condition of seed longevity is the ability to developing of dormancy. Three types of the dormancy are recognized: innate, enforced and induced. Moreover there are five general types of the dormnancy distinguished on the basis of internal reasons - physiological, physical, combinational, morphological, and morphophysiological ones. There are transient and persistent seed banks, among which three functional types are recognized. The rate and range of seasonal changes in seed dormancy and germination may be described by predictive mathematical models.
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