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Lecithochirium whitei sp. n. is the first representative of this genus occurring in the Antarctic and the first digenean species normally parasitizing pelagic fishes in this region. The species is tentatively assigned to the "Microstomum-group". It has larger eggs (0.027- 0.038 x 0.017-0.021 mm) than most of other Lecithochirium spp., including all belonging to the "Microstomum-group", and differs from species having similar egg dimensions in the arrangement of gonads and vitellarium, as well as in the intestinal caeca and uterine loops not penetrating into the ecsoma.
The importance of small-scale heterogeneity in local factors which overrides that of larger-scales factors, suggest that local factors play a major role in determining the richness and prevalence of larval digeneans in intertidal gastropods. The restricted distribution of the snail Heleobia australis along a 500 m transect in Cangrejo creek (Mar Chiquita, Argentina) provides a good opportunity to test the assumption that a study at spatial scale of 100s meters can detect spatiotemporal fluctuations of a larval digenean assemblage. To analyze that, 3600 specimens of H. australis were collected seasonally during the year 2011. A quantitative variation and a space-time interaction between sampling points and seasons of the year for the total prevalence of larval digeneans and snail’s densities were found, as well as a positive correlation with abiotic factors. These results revealed that the fluctuations in the community of larval digeneans of the snail H. australis can be detected at small spatial scale, using its natural distribution of 500 m. This study also highlights the importance of seasonality as a factor that must be considered in studies focused on the search for patterns structuring the communities of larval digeneans, at medium and large scales.
Twenty fishes Lepidonotothen macrophthalma (Norman) caught at the North Scotia Ridge were examined. They harboured four digenean species - the opecoelids, Macvicaria antarctica (Kovalyova et Gaevskaya, 1974) and M. skorai sp. n., the lepocreadiid, Neolepidapedon magnatestis (Gaevskaya et Kovalyova, 1976), and the unnamed hemiurid (presently not described). The total prevalence of Digenea (four species) was 55%, intensity range 2-21 and relative density 3.50. M. skorai sp. n., which occurs sympatrically with M. antarctica, is described. M. skorai sp. n. is characterised by the cirrus sac reaching posterior to the ventral sucker, sucker ratio based on mean diameter 1:1.50-1.92 (mean 1.74), oblique arrangement of testes, egg length 0.043-0.055 mm (usually 0.045-0.051 mm) and testes usually obscured dorsally by vitelline follicles. This species is compared with all Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Macvicaria occurring in Perciformes. N. magnatestis is redescribed from the nototheniids L. macrophthalma and L. squamifrons (Günther) and compared with N. trematomi Prudhoe et Bray, 1973. Specimens previously reported by Zdzitowiecki (1990b) as N. magnatestis collected from Trematomus hansoni and T. bernacchii in the South Shetland Islands area and from Dissostichus eleginoides collected off the Shag Rocks (South Georgia area) are considered N. trematomi.
Based on the examination of 234 specimens of the Brazilian flathead, Percophis brasiliensis (Percophidae), caught in the Argentinean and Uruguayan Seas, the list of digenean species parasitizing P. brasiliensis is increased from 6 to 9, including the specific identification of two species previously reported at the generic level. The three news digenean records for P. brasiliensis are: Elytrophalloides oatesi, Parahemiurus merus and Aponurus laguncula, while that Ectenurus virgulus and Lecithocladium cristatum were identified to specific level. These reports showed the highest diversity of digeneans registered in fishes from the study region. The diversity of the digenean fauna of P. brasiliensis could be a consequence of the generalist food habits of this fish.
A list of internal parasitic worms occurring in four fish species in environs of the Adelie Land is given. In total, 20 forms are listed, including 14 species occurring in fishes in the adult stage (11 Digenea, 2 Acanthocephala, 1 Nematoda) and six larval forms (3 Cestoda, 1 Acanthocephala, 2 Nematoda). Twelve species occurring as adults and two larval forms are specifically determined. One digenean species is not identified even to a family, one acanthocephalan species and one nematode larval form are determined to the genera, three cestode larval forms are determined only to the higher taxa. All species and larval forms previously recorded in the investigated area are present in the material; eleven ones are reported from environs of the Adelie Land for the first time.
Three lepocreadiid digenean species of two genera, Neolepidapedon Manter, 1954 and Lepidapedon Stafford, 1904, occur in notothenioid fishes of the genera Trematomus (Nototheniidae), Artedidraco and Pogonophryne (both Artedidraconidae), Bathydraco and Prionodraco (both Bathydraconidae) in the Weddell Sea. Descriptions of all species, including a new one and two previously recorded in the high Antarctic, are given. Neolepidapedon trematomi Prudhoe et Bray, 1973 is recorded in 4 host species, three of the genus Trematomus (2 new host species) and Pogonophryne permitini (new host species and family), for the first time in the Weddell Sea and south to 70°S. Lepidapedon garrardi (Leiper et Atkinson, 1914) and L. balgueriasi sp. n. belong to the “Beveridgei subgroup” of Bray and Gibson (1995). L. garrardi has the excretory vesicle reaching to the level of the border between the testes and it is transferred to this subgroup from the “Garrardi subgroup”, which is renamed to the “Zubchenkoi subgroup”. This species is recorded in 9 host species (7 new hosts), for the first time in the Weddell Sea. L. balgueriasi sp. n. is recorded in 4 species of the genus Trematomus, including T. loennbergi (type-host). This species has eggs similar in number and size to L. garrardi (egg length exceeding 0.1 mm), but it has relatively smaller suckers and pharynx, and vitelline follicles confluent in the forebody and dorsally to the testes; its site is in the pyloric caeca and anterior part of the small intestine. A key to species of the “Beveridgei subgroup” of the genus Lepidapedon is given.
A total of 24 digenean species belonging to 10 distinct families (Derogenidae, Faustulidae, Fellodistomidae, Gyliauchenidae, Hemiuridae, Lepocreadiidae, Mesometridae, Monorchiidae, Opecoelidae and Zoogonidae) were recorded in sparid fishes from Bizerte Lagoon (northern Tunisia). The diversity of the digenean fauna of sparid fishes from this locality is compared to that recorded from the Gulf of Tunis. Prodistomum polonii, not detected before, was found in Sarpa salpa. Aphallus rubalo, Derogenes latus, Holorchis micracanthum and Pachycreadium carnosum previously recorded from sparid fishes on the Tunisian coasts were absent during this study. Allopodocotyle pedicellata, Lepocreadium pegorchis, L. album, Proctoeces maculatus, Magnibursatus bartolii and Macvicaria maillardi were reported in hosts not previously reported for the Gulf of Tunis. Generally, prevalence was higher in fishes from Bizerte Lagoon but abundance and mean intensity were higher in Gulf of Tunis. Except for Lithognathus mormyrus, Sarpa salpa and Sparus aurata from Bizerte Lagoon, which show higher digenean diversity, the other sparid fishes have a lower diversity compared to those from Gulf of Tunis. The species richness of digeneans in B. boops was the same in the two areas studied.
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