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Decontamination effectiveness of ammonium-ferric(III)-hexacyanoferrate(II) (AFCF) in reducing the radiocaesium transfer to hen eggs was examined. The albumen activity concentration for ¹³⁷Cs was higher than that in egg yolk. The most effective reduction of radioactivity concentrations in all egg components was noted in birds treated with hexacyanoferrate from the first day of radioisotope administration. Radioactivity concentrations in hens treated simultaneously with ¹³⁷CsCI and a caesium binder were lower by >90% than those in the controls at selected measurement intervals. The decontamination efficiency lowered with the delayed AFCF treatment.
The concentration and composition of fungal flora in dental unit waterlines (DUWL) were evaluated. For this purpose, water samples from unit reservoirs and high-speed handpieces, and biofilm samples from the waterline walls from units were collected. Subsequently, analogous samples from DUWL were taken before and after disinfection using agent containing hydrogen peroxide. In the examined samples, the yeast-like fungi Candida albicans, Candida curvata and Geotrichum candidum were found. The following species of mould were also identified: Aspergillus amstelodami, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus group, Aspergillus (=Eurotium herbariorum) repens, Citromyces spp., Penicillium (glabrum) frequentans, Penicillium pusillum, Penicillium turolense and Sclerotium sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) . Before disinfection, Candida curvata and Candida albicans constituted the greatest proportion of the total fungi in the reservoirs water; in the water of handpieces - Candida albicans and Aspergillus glaucus group; and in the biofilm samples - Aspergillus glaucus group and Candida albicans. After disinfection, in all 3 kinds of samples, Candida albicans prevailed, constituting from 31.2-85.7% of the total fungi. The application of agent containing hydrogen peroxide caused a significant decrease both in the number of total fungi and individual fungal species, which confirms the product effectiveness in fungal decontamination of DUWL.
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The aim of this study was bacteriological assessment of the dental unit waterlines (DUWL) biofilm - concentration and composition of the aerobe and facultative anaerobe bacterial microflora, and evaluation of the influence of a disinfecting product, Oxygenal 6, on the biofilm composition. Tubing fragments were taken from 25 units twice, before and after disinfection, and bacterial suspension of the biofilm was obtained from the samples. The bacterial flora was determined with the plate culture method. Bacteria were identified with biochemical microtests: API 20E, API 20NE (bioMerieux, France) and GP2 MicroPlateTM (BIOLOG, USA). Before disinfection, the following bacteria were identified: Gram-negative bacteria - Ralstonia pickettii, Pseudomonas vesicularis, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Xanthomonas maltophilia; Gram-positive cocci - Micrococcus luteus, Micrococcus lylae, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.; Actinomycetes - Streptomyces albus. The prevailing bacteria were: Ralstonia pickettii (78.62%), found in all the units, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (20.45%). After DUWL disinfection, Sphingomonas paucimobilis (88.79%) dominated in the biofilm, Staphylococcus spp. - 5.61% and Pseudomonas spp. - 3.74% were next most frequently occurring bacteria, and in more than a half of the biofilm samples 100% reduction of the bacterial microflora occurred. This study confirms effectiveness of Oxygenal 6 in bacterial decontamination of the DUWL biofilm.
The contamination of feed with micotoxin has been a serious problem in animal nutrition. Many existing methods of decontamination are not satisfying due to the toxicological safety and health quality of the fodder materials. It stimulates the scientists to search for the new methods. The use of sorbents in the form of natural and synthetic aluminosilicates is a promising direction. The efficacy of aluminosilicates towards aflatoxins has been proved. However, their influence on other micotoxins is not that obvious. According to the last investigations, the use of aluminosilicates in nutrition does not cause any side effects and widespread pathological effects are observed only when dosage is incorrect. Regarding the analyses that were published, it can be supposed that the addition of several different aluminosilicates is a sufficient protection against mycotoxicoses.
The use of carbon iron and the mechanical retread of iron surface enables us to remove both Ni(II ) and citrate from solutions containing the Ni(II )–citrate complex. The duration of decontamination and the consumption of Fe and acid depend on the complex concentration, pH, load and the presence of background electrolytes. The observed pseudo first order rate constants for citrate removal using carbon steel plates were kobs = 0.42; 0.082 and 0.068 at load 200; 80 and 20 g·l⁻¹, respectively. Chemical analysis, FT-IR and XRD investigations have shown that the precipitate formed contains mainly iron oxides, which exceed the citrate content in the precipitate several times.
The decontamination efficiency of ammonium ferric hexacyanoferrate (AFCF) in lowering the radiocaesium transfer to muscles and inner edible organs of broiler chickens was examined. The highest decontamination effectiveness was noticed in the birds treated with AFCF from the first day of radionuclide administration. Generally, the radioactivity levels in the animals treated simultaneously with ¹³⁷CsCI and a caesium binder were by >80% lower than those in the control ones. The decontamination efficacy lowered with the delayed AFCF treatment. lt seems thai this compound is the most suitable decontamination agent for chickens because of its efficiency, simple way of application, and a very low quantity needed for effective decreasing Cs-137 tissue contents. Moreover, ammonium ferric hexacyanoferrate presents no toxicological hazard for food producing animals and consumers.
Decontamination efficiency of zeolite and alginate in reducing the radiostrontium transfer to tissues and organs of rats after repeated administration was evaluated. In the group fed the alginate-enriched chow, the ⁹⁰Sr were significantly lower that those recorded in the control animals during the entire study. The highest decontamination efficiency was recorded at third measurement time point. Generally, zeolite was less effective decontamination agent than alginate. Moreover, in some rat organs (kidneys, spleen and testes) the strontium-90 levels were even significantly higher than those in the control rats. So, presently alginate seems to be the most efficient decontamination agent in reducing the radiostrontium transfer to tissues and organs of rats.
Decontamination efficiency of bentonite from Polish geological deposits and alginate in reducing the radiostrontium transfer to tissues and organs of rats was examined. The ⁹⁰Sr activity concentration in bones of the rats after the bentonite treatment was similar to that of the control animals. In contrast, in bones of the alginate treated rats the radioactivity was markedly higher than that of the control group. In soft tissues and organs the higher decontamination efficiency was found for alginate (up to 97.1 % ). However, bentonite from Polish geological deposits was also fairly efficient in reducing the radiostrontium transfer to rat organisms. Moreover, this decontamination agent is frequently administered and effective in cases of radiocaesium contamination. lt seems that bentonite could be an effective agent used in the case of the environmental radioactive pollution, when radionuclides of strontium and caesium are released simultaneously.
Decontamination effectiveness of ammonium-ferric(lll)-hexacyanoferrate(II) (AFCF) in reducing the radiocaesium transfer into dairy goat milk was examined. The most effective reduction of radioactivity burden in milk was found in animals treated with AFCF as early as the first day of radionuclide contamination. Milk radioactivity concentrations in goats treated simultaneously with ¹³⁷CsCI and hexacyanoferrate were over 10-fold lower than those in the controls at all measurement time points. Decontamination efficiency was reduced when AFCF treatment was delayed.
The decontamination effectiveness of bentonite from Polish geological deposits in reducing the radiocaesium transfer to hen eggs was examined. The egg white radiocaesium concentration was higher than that in egg yolk. The highest decontamination efficacy in all egg components was noticed in animals treated with bentonite from the first day of radionuclide administration. Generally, the radioactivity concentration in hens treated simultaneously with ¹³⁷CsCI and a caesium binder were lower by >50% than those in the controls. The decontamination efficiency lowered with the delayed bentonite treatment. In Poland bentonite seems to be an alternative to other decontamination agents.
W programach walki z zagrożeniami mikrobiologicznymi w tej dynamicznie rozwijającej się branży oczekuje się między innymi zmniejszenia liczby zatruć pokarmowych poprzez ograniczenie stopnia zanieczyszczenia powierzchni tuszek drobiowych przy pomocy metod fizycznych lub chemicznych. Obok stosowania pochodnych chloru (np. dwutlenku chloru) lub fosforanu trójsodowego w wodnym systemie mycia i chłodzenia tuszek wymienia się nadtlenek wodoru oraz kwasy nadtlenowe, np. kwas nadoctowy. W niniejszej pracy sprawdzono możliwości wykorzystania kwasu nadmrówkowego jako alternatywnej, innowacyjnej i przyjaznej środowisku chemicznej metody eliminacji wybranych zanieczyszczeń mikrobiologicznych z powierzchni tuszek drobiowych z uwzględnieniem wszystkich wymienionych powyżej aspektów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań potwierdzono, że stężenie kwasu nadmrówkowego w badanym preparacie w ciągu 7 dni ulegało nieznacznej zmianie. Stan maksymalnego stężenia substancji czynnej osiąga się około 24 godzin po zmieszaniu składników preparatu. Zauważono brak istotnego wpływu badanego preparatu na obiektywne parametry barwy tuszki drobiowej po obróbce chemicznej. Przyjęto stężenie preparatu kwasu nadmrówkowego (110 ppm), co okazało się skuteczne wobec ogólnej liczny bakterii oraz bakterii z rodziny Enterobacteriacae, występujących na tuszce drobiowej.
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