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The engine of the economical growth is the continuous technical-economical progress. Regarding the future, the principle of effectiveness and tenability must be exercised. We have to be thinking about very effective developments.
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The paper reviews the concept of sustainable agriculture, indicating its various dimensions. The similarities between sustainable development and sustainable agriculture are demonstrated. The fundamental objective of the paper is to conceptualize sustainable agriculture in Poland. The paper raises several essential issues concerning the lack of such studies in the past and proposes research objectives. Firstly, to present the main issues of sustainable agriculture and to show the possibilities of implementing the idea of sustain� able development, an evaluation through the prism of change directions and dynamics, as well as regional differentiation of Polish agriculture, was necessary. Secondly, to present the situation in the economic sus� tainability of Polish agriculture in the period 2000-2010, the following research methods were employed: monographic and descriptive methods, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. Findings of foreign scientists were also used in the research. The analysis of the condition of agriculture considers the main changes that occurred between the years 2000-2010. These were presented on the basis of Main Statistical Office data from statistical yearbooks and reports of agricultural censuses results.
Innovativeness is perceived as one of the most important driving forces of economic condition. The issue concerns both individual economic entities as well as whole economies. Innovativeness, in fact, brings various positive results. Innovative activity provides possibility to introduce new, innovative products or services on the market, use of more effective and frugal production methods, etc. Consequently, it provides the chance for business development, introduction on new markets or increased participation in the present ones. It may often result in an increased production or possibility to create new work places. With regard to economic situation it may result in an increase of GDP or a decrease of unemployment rate, which profoundly influences economic situation. [Prystrom, 2013, p. 82] The aim of the hereby study is to introduce the core of innovations and present chosen factors determining innovativeness in constructing competitive advantage, on the basis of Belgian economy, considered to be one of the most innovative and competitive in the world.
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Credit guarantee funds which, along with other subjects, constitute business environment institutions, target their offer at SME sector in order to support the development of local enterprises. SME sector has peculiar internal and external conditions that hinder or limit the access to the external financing. The aim of this article is to picture the issue of access to the external financing such as bank credits and loans by the SME sector and to present the role of credit guarantee funds in this scope. The thesis statement of this article is as follows: the activity of guarantee funds contributes to the increasing fulfillment of the SME sector loan demand which might increase its competitiveness and lead to its further development. The article includes an analysis of the subject literature and is based on the publications concerning functioning of SME sector and an analysis of the data on the basis of the statistic data publicized in annual reports.
Regions became the economic subjects which are competing in the globalized economic area. There are different factors determing the competitiveness of regions at the different stages of its development. There are 3 main development stages of a region by the classification of World Economic Forum - factor-driven stage, efficiency-driven stage and innovation-driven stage. The lower is the development stage of the region, the more competitiveness depends on the amount of production factors. In addition, the leading role at the highest stages of economic development is played by innovations.
The study was devoted to the presentation of different ways to activate the unemployed in terms of increasing the competitiveness of the county. Considerations are discussed using the example of Ciechanów county. The aim of the study was to propose ways to support people out of work in the process of searching for it, which directly affects the competitiveness of the region, in this case, the Ciechanów county. In this work, it is assumed that an increase in the competitiveness of the county is affected by the district job centre in terms of activation of unemployed people. Issues associated with the activation of the unemployed have been presented on the basis of examination in district job centre in Ciechanów in 2013. The study has presented its activities carried out in order to help the unemployed to find work. On the basis of the studies one can conclude that the employment rate of people, who have benefited from various types of assistance offered by district job centre, was at a low level. It did not, however, show the ineffectiveness of these assistance variants. Low demand for workers (including those trained under district job centre) was due to a general decrease in the demand for labor from the entrepreneurs.
This paper analyses the use of roundwood among the SR major competitors in the EU. The analysis compared the calculated variables on production and consumption of different roundwood assortments in the Slovak Republic, the Czech Republic, Austria and Finland. To ensure comparability, individual index methods are applied to the volume of import on production and consumption and export consumption over the period of five years. The results show different development of roundwood utilisation in analysed countries.
The sources for the given subject research were preliminary organisational structures and systems of tax administrations that are currently in place in Slovakia as well as in Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovenia. The basic presumption of the research is the increase of the system effectiveness en bloc. Based on the trends analysis we assume, that the upcoming reform of the Tax and Customs Administrations shall contribute significantly to the increase of the system effectiveness and at the same time bring along the improvement in positive perceiving of taxes, seen by public as socially unpopular obligations.
Despite of the economy globalization and sophisticated global communications technologies, currently, more attention is paid to development of clusters and to marketing communication of clusters. The aim of this paper is the analysis of marketing communication tools in business clusters of services in Slovakia. This is known as the marketing communications mix. This is charting of the tools of marketing communication forming the basis of a marketing communications campaign in the cluster of services.
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Imitation vs. innovation in the SME sector

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It is frequently mentioned that during economic crisis one of the key elements of strengthening SMEs is permanent renewal and capability of innovation. However, only some businesses are able to carry out classical product/service innovation (Schumpeter). We are of the opinion that observing the best practice, adoption and/or adaption – the imitation – should be given a higher function in everyday business life. From the point of view of business development, imitation can be more important than innovation. To find ideas worth imitating it is necessary to react and start to produce rapidly, at the right time and bring to the market the essentials of imitation. The aim of the paper is to give a theoretical overview of the interpretations of innovation and imitation. Sectoral features and regional differences determine the scope of development and renewal for existing enterprises. At the same time the knowledge of entrepreneurs regarding innovation is insufficient, thus a new paradigm is needed.
The results of research concerning relations between cost structure in a given farm, productivity and efficiency of inputs utilization is presented in this paper. 49 farms from the Wielkopolska region were investigated. It was proved that inputs of current assets constitute the highest share in structure of inputs of production factors. Variability of intermediate consumption in total costs is mainly the reflection of relation between operational and investment activity. The analysis proved that farms with higher intermediate consumption, obtain higher productivity and profitability of land, labour and fixed assets. It can indirectly imply a dominant role of operational activity as far as improvement of inputs utilization efficiency is concerned.
Sector competitiveness does not constitute a simple sum of factors identified on different levels of economic analysis. It turns out that competitiveness is determined by both measurable and non-measurable factors. A growing influence of behavioural factors inclines to undertake aggregate research attempts of a qualitative nature. The authors of this paper have made an effort to confront the price and non-price factors of competitiveness based on a specific sector of economy, i.e. the round wood market in Poland.
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Competitive changes of food production in Bulgaria

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Agri-food sector is one of the traditionally well-developed sectors in Bulgaria. The export picture of Bulgarian food industry has been changed after the full EU membership of the country in 2007. Thus, the food import exceeds the food export more than twice nowadays. The aim of the paper is to reveal why Bulgarian food producers have lost their competitive advantages so fast, what kind of factors drives the food producers to worsen their production in comparison with other food-market players? The analyse showed that the food producers do not use effi ciently inter-business competitive factors (technology development and transfer as well as package design and service development). On the sectorial level, the food producers focus on to the resource management and they miss to enlarge their competitiveness by cooperation with suppliers, consumers or other food processors.
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