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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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The effect of ethyl methane sulphonate and diethyl sulphate on chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in M1 generation

100%
Sanjai Gandhi E., Sri Devi A., Mullainathan L.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 05
In recent years, the demand of chilli has tremendously increased due to its attractive market price and multifarious used in cooked and processed forms. At present people are much concerned about the fruit quality and yield. Therefore, attention is being paid for development of genotypes having high yield potential with desirable fruit quality characters in a short period of time. For this purpose, seeds of chilli were mutagenised with ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and diethyl sulphate (DES) to determine their mutagenic sensitivity in M1 generation. The increasing concentration of EMS and DES decreased in morphological and yield characters. The spectrum of mutation and induced variability for various quantitative traits were observed in M1 generation such as germination (%), plant height, primary and secondary branches per plant, days to first flowering, fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm), total number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, seed weight per fruit (g), 100 seed weight (g) and pericarp: seed ratio showed variability in chilli with the effect of EMS and DES. The percentage of chromosomal abnormalities in different mitotic stages was significantly higher than that of the control in all the treatment concentrations.
2
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Genetic variation in mutants of chilli (Capsicum annuum) revealed by RAPD marker

100%
Mullainathan L., Sridevi A., Umavathi S., Sanjai Gandhi E.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2014
|
tom 06
The present study was under taken in order to analyze the chemical mutagenesis on Chilli germplasm. In this regard, K1 variety of chilli was subjected to different mutagenic concentration for inducing mutagenesis. The M3 plants exposed to EMS and DES to produce clear difference from the untreated control, thus indicating that mutagenic treatment produce polymorphic regions in the chilli. For extraction of genomic DNA was adopted an improved protocol of CTAB method with slight modification. A total of ten primers were used to screen the polymorphism among the treated populations line tall, tall with chlorophyll deficient, leaf, flower, GMS and DNA damages in maturity mutants were analyzed with control. Out of ten primers, four primers (PGF02, PGF03, PGF04 AND OP107) were successfully amplified in all the samples used for this study. The successful primers were amplified in to 93 products showing an average of 9.3 bands.
3

Exploitation of plant products and bioagents for ecofriendly management of chilli fruit rot disease

67%
Anand T., Bhaskaran R.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2009
|
tom 49
|
nr 2
195-203
Forty four plant species and eight antagonistic organisms were tested against Colletotrichum capsici and Alternaria alternata, the causal agents of fruit rot disease of chilli. In vitro studies indicated that leaf extracts (10%) of Abrus precatorius (Gundumuthu) and Aegle marmelos (vilvum), demonstrated the highest inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth of these two pathogens. Among the fungal and bacterial antagonists tested, Trichoderma viride isolate 3 and Pseudomonas fluorescens were very effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogens in vitro. In the pot culture experiment, two sprays with leaf extract of A. precatorius (10%), first spray 20 days after fruit set and the second spray 2 days after inoculation with the pathogens, resulted in the lowest disease incidence (23.95%) and intensity (27.60 PDI - Per cent Disease Index) as compared to 71.50% incidence and PDI of 78.20 in the control. Among the antagonistic microorganisms two sprays of talc-based formulation of P. fluorescens (2%) were very effective in reducing the disease intensity (35.70 PDI). However, the leaf extracts and antagonistic organisms only ranked next to the fungicide (carbendazim 0.1%) (18.05 PDI). Field evaluation of the effective plant extracts, antagonistic microorganisms and fungicide revealed that spraying with A. precatorius leaf extract (10%) twice, the first spray at the time of fruit set and the second spray 20 days after fruit set caused the maximum disease reduction (25.53 PDI) followed by a single spray of the same leaf extract (10%) on 20th day after fruit set (28.50 PDI).
4

Production of cell wall degrading enzymes and toxins by Colletotrichum capsici and Alternaria alternata causing fruit rot of chillies

67%
Anand T., Bhaskaran R., Raguchander T., Karthikeyan G., Rajesh M., Senthilraja G.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2008
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tom 48
|
nr 4
437-451
The virulent isolates of Colletotrichum capsici and Alternaria alternata produced more cellulolytic enzymes viz., C1 and Cxin vitro than the avirulent ones and the activity of these enzymes increased with the increase in age of culture. The virulent isolates of C. capsici and A. alternata produced more pectinolytic enzymes (macerating enzymes, pectin methyl esterase and endo polygalacturonase) than the avirulent ones. All the pectinolytic enzymes were highly active in 10-day-old culture and the activities decreased with the increase of culture age. Whereas the activity of enzymes produced by avirulent isolate of pathogens did not decrease and these enzyme activities increased with the increase in the age of culture. These pathogens also produced nonspecific toxic metabolites in culture filtrate which reduced seed germination, root length, shoot length and vigour index of the seedlings of chilli, rice, mungbean, maize, cotton, groundnut, okra, egg plant, cucumber and tomato. The toxins of the pathogens reduced seed germination and caused mortality of chilli seedlings in pot culture. The toxins also produced phytotoxic symptoms in the treated ripe and green chilli fruits and leaves.
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