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The aim of the study was to assess the effects of tamoxifen and cyclophosphamide on the selected cell-mediated immunity parameters in dogs. The study included 18 dogs aged 5-10 years. The experimental group consisted of 12 animals with neoplastic lesions classified as the first or second staging group (according to the WHO TMN classification). This group was divided into two subgroups: I - six dogs receiving oral tamoxifen, and II - six dogs with cyclophosphamide administered orally. The control group included six healthy dogs. The blood was sampled from the saphenous access vein two times at 14-d intervals before the drug administration, three times every 7 d during administration, and two times every 14 d after completion of the therapy. The basic blood tests were carried out and the subpopulations of TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes, and phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes were determined using flow cytometry. It was found that tamoxifen induced a marked increase in WBC and neutrophil counts, increased phagocytic activity of monocytes, and changed the CD4+:CD8+ ratio (in favour of cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulation). These findings indicated the stimulation of cell-mediated immunity mechanisms. Cyclophosphamide caused a substantial decrease in the overall leukocyte pool and reduced the percentage of cells activated for phagocytosis, both neutrophils and monocytes even after completion of its administration, which proves its immunosuppressive effects.
The experimental material comprised 20 adult Wistar rats aged 12 weeks, divided into two equal groups (control and experimental) including five males and five females each. From the first day of the experiment, the experimental group was fed Murigran feed supplemented with ß-l,3/l,6-D-glucan (Biolex Beta-HP) at a dosage of 12-19 mg/rat/d, depending on body weight, while the control animals were administered the same feed without any additives. On days 1 and 14 of the experiment, arterial blood samples were collected and diluted with heparin, and then the following parameters were determined: total protein and γ-globulin contents, lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activities, the proliferative response of blood lymphocytes after stimulation with LPS or ConA, metabolic activity, and the potential killing activity of phagocytes. The results showed that Biolex-Beta HP modulated the selected parameters of specific and non-specific humoral and cellular immunity in rats.
The main aim of this study was to compare selected nonspecific immunity parameters in 14 allergic and 12 healthy horses. Each animal was assessed according to the following parameters: in vitro functional capacity of phagocytic cells using the nitro blue tetrazolium chloride reduction test, both spontaneous (NBT) and zymozan stimulated (NBTs), and ingestion capacity of phagocytic cells using a phagocytic index test (IF) and percentage of phagocytosing neutrophils activity (%KF). Differences were demonstrated between the group of allergic horses, especially with severe allergy symptoms, and healthy horses in NBTs values, with higher values in healthy horses. The values of the phagocytic index were significantly higher in horses with allergy.
The aim of the study was to determine the degree of phagocytic activity of neutrophils, lymphocyte histogenesis and total immunoglobulin level in six bitches with glandular cystic hyperplasia - pyometra complex (GCH - PC) before and after ovariohysterectomy in comparison to healthy dogs. Haematological study showed significant increases (P<0.005) in the white blood cell count and neutrophilia. After ovariohysterectomy these parameters gradually returned to normal. The phagocytic ability (expressed as phagocytic activity PA and index of phagocytic activity IPA) of neutrophils was impaired in bitches wit GCH - PC and has improved during the therapy. The degree of concanavalin A induced lymphocyte blastogenesis expressed as a stimulation index was significantly (P<0.005) depressed in affected bitches and after surgical treatment had not reached values comparable with that found in healthy dogs. The level of total immunoglobulins was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at the beginning of observation and gradually increased after treatment. The results of the present study have provided usuful information for diagnosis and prognosis of GCH - PC in bitches because the success of the treatment and recovery from the GCH - PC is in direct relation with the optimal condition of the immune system.
The objective of this study was to determine the stimulating effect of the brewers' yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae dietary supplement on selected parameters of specific and non-specific humoral and cellular immunity in lambs. The study involved 32 lambs aged 30 ±3 d, divided into two equal groups: control and experimental. Animals in the experimental group were fed a C-J concentrate mixed with a prebiotic, the extract of dried brewers' yeast containing 10%-15% MOS and 25%-30% ß-l,3/l,6-D-glucan in the amount of 3 g/kg of the concentrate. At the beginning of the experiment (day 0) and on the 15th, 30th, and 60th d of the study, blood was sampled from the jugular vein to determine γ-globulin levels, lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activity, proliferative response of blood lymphocytes (MTT) after stimulation with LPS or ConA, metabolic activity (RBA), and potential killing activity (PKA) of phagocytes. As regards humoral immunity parameters, significantly higher γ-globulin levels and higher lysozyme and ceruloplasmin activity were noted in the blood serum of experimental lambs supplemented with the yeast extract, in comparison with control lambs not fed the supplement. No statistically significant differences in serum total protein were found between the control and experimental groups. The analysis of cellular immunity indicators revealed significantly higher levels of RBA and PKA, and higher MTT rates after stimulation with LPS or ConA in the experimental group, in comparison with the control group.
Rhodiola quadrifida (Rq) roots and rhizomes are traditionally used in Asia as a tonic, adaptogen, antidepressant and anti-inflammatory drug. The aim of this work was to study the in vivo effect of aqueous and 50% hydro-alcoholic extracts of Rq rhizomes on some parameters of cellular immunity in mice and rats. The metabolic activity of blood phagocyting cells was determined based on the measurement of intracellular respiratory burst after stimulation by PMA in RBA test. Potential bactericidal activity of phagocyting cells was determined in isolated blood leukocytes stimulated with killed microorganisms, according to the PKA test. Proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by mitogen concanavaline A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined by MTT assay. Both extracts stimulated granulocytes activity in vitro and increased lymphocyte response to mitogens. The ability of parental strain mice lymphocytes to induce local cutaneous graft-ver- sus-host reaction (GVH) in F1 hybrids was stimulated by 50% hydro-alcoholic extract only.
Rhodiola kirilowii (RK) roots and rhizomes are traditionally used in China as a tonic, adaptogen, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drug. The aim of this work was to study the in vivo and in vitro effects of aqueous and 50% hydro-alcoholic extracts of RK rhizomes on some parameters of cellular immunity in H-2d mice and rats. We show for the first time that in vitro both extracts stimulated granulocyte activity and increased lymphocyte response to mitogens, and in vivo they enhanced the ability of lymphocytes derived from parental strain mice fed R. kirilowii aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts, to induce local cutaneous graft-versus-host reaction (GVH) in F1 hybrids. Conclusion: Rhodiola kirilowii extracts are cellular immunity enhancers.
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