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The goal of present work was to investigate wool quality of camels breeding in the Tunisian part of Sahara Desert. The study was carried out with 10 camel males at the age of three years. The samples of wool were taken from the left mid-side of a shoulder. Due to the low regrowth rate of wool, the samples were not split into the external and internal fractions before a measurement. The individual fibers were classified into three groups: 1) fibers with continuous medulla, 2) fibers with intermittent medulla, 3) fibers without medulla. Then the percentage of each type of fibers was evaluated. Thickness measurement was made using the microprojection method according to Polish Standard PN-72/ /P-04900. At least 600 fibers were measured in each sample. The high fraction of hair from the core constant rate of 78% wool with a thickness of up to 48 |im, and the hair thickness variation of 47% be attributed to the roughness of the wool. The wool of the camels under study should be used for the production of carpets and handicrafts. The occurrence of continuous core both in the thin and thick fibers confirmed the adaptation of camels to a large diurnal temperature variation, as in llamas and alpacas.
The variation between different Egyptian milk species (cows, buffaloes, sheep, goat and camel) in microstructure, shape, size and volume distribution as well as rheological properties, of fat globules was determined. Milk samples were scanned with SEM. The electron micrographs obtained were analyzed using an image analysis computer program. Results showed fat globules of different milk species as an oval shape in a regularity of spatial arrangement and encased in a lipoprotein membrane. Fat globules of different species vary considerably in diameter from those <1 µm to ~18 µm. Buffalo’s globules were the greatest in size (8.7 µm), whereas close size values were found between cow and sheep globules (3.78 and 3.76 µm) as well as goat and camel globules (3.2 and 2.99 µm). On the contrary, the size of buffalo fat globules ranging from 0.1-4.0 µm was obviously less (23.0%) than that of camel (80.6%), goat (73.3%), cow (68.4%) and sheep (55.3%). Fat globules exhibited different patterns according to their sizes and milk type. Small globules, as in camel’s milk, were less spherical than the large ones, as in buffalo’s milk (at α=0.05). An inverse proportional relationship (r=-0.8) was found between spherical diameter and compactness. Most of the fat globules in buffalo’s, cow’s and goat’s milks oriented with obtuse angle, while those for sheep’s and camel’s milks oriented with acute angles. Changes in distribution of fat globules volume, perimeter, surface area, width and length were similar to that of size and significantly (p<0.001) affected by milk species.
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity was measured spectrophotometrically using benzylamine as a substrate, in the serum of healthy males and females of horses, camels, cattle, sheep and goats. The animals were born and raised in the same area, and the blood collection was made on the same day to avoid variations. Also the concentrations of protein and copper were measured in the same samples. There were no significant gender-related differences in SSAO activity between the tested animals regardless of species. Activities of SSAO in either male or female of horse were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the remaining tested animals. The highest activities (expressed as μmole of benzaldehyde production/mg protein/hr) were found in horses (9.592 and 9.458), followed by camels (3.226 and 2.407), cattle (1.014 and 1.648), goat (0.750 and 0.572) and sheep (0.435 and 0.244). Insignificant higher activities of SSAO were noted in all males of the tested animals compared to that in females except in cattle. The results suggest that horses are endowed with a very high activity of this enzyme amounting to 3-21 times higher than that found in large and small ruminants. There were no significant differences between the levels of protein and copper in either sex of all the tested species.
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