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Studies concerning the ultrastructure of the periendothelial zone integumentary cells of Asteraceae species are scarce. The aim was to check whether and/or what kinds of integument modifications occur in Onopordum acanthium. Ovule structure was investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and histochemistry. For visualization of calcium oxalate crystals, the polarizing microscopy was used. The periendothelial zone of integument in O. acanthium is well developed and composed of mucilage cells near the integumentary tapetum and large, highly vacuolated cells at the chalaza and therefore they differ from other integumentary cells. The cells of this zone lack starch and protein bodies. Periendothelial zone cells do not have calcium oxalate crystals, in contrast to other integument cells. The disintegration of periendothelial zone cells was observed in a mature ovule. The general ovule structure of O. acanthium is similar to other members of the subfamily Carduoideae, although it is different to “Taraxacum”, “Galinsoga” and “Ratibida” ovule types.
The type and distribution (locations) of calcium oxalate crystals in mature leaves of 19 taxa of Philodendron (subgenera Meconostigma, Pteromischum and Philodendron) were studied. The calcium oxalate crystals were mainly found in the form of raphides, druses, styloids and prisms. The leaves of Philodendron demonstrate the presence of five distinctive raphide crystal types (biforine, thin-walled spindle-shaped, wide cells containing a wide raphide bundle, bundles of obliquely overlapping crystal and unmodified cells with either a single crystal needle or their cluster). Styloids and druses were found in all taxa at varying frequencies. Simple prisms and variations in crystal forms were most frequently observed in the ground tissue in petioles and midribs. This study represents additional data concerning calcium oxalate crystals in Philodendron.
In this study, calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals were investigated and their morphology and distribution determined by light microscopy in tissues and organs of Inula graveolens (L.) Desf., Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh., Filago eriocephala Guss., Logfia arvensis (L.) Holup and Logfia gallica (L.) Coss. & Germ., which belong to tribe Inuleae (Asteraceae). CaOx crystals were identified in cleared organs and tissues by a histochemical technique using silver nitrate and rubeanic acid. Druses were observed in stem pith cells, leaf mesophyll cells and style cells of I. graveolens. In anther tissues, crystals were determined as styloids, and in the ovary they were identified as prismatics. No crystals were found in petal and filament cells of I. graveolens. Druse crystals were present in the filament and style cells of P. dysenterica; styloids were found in the endothecial tissues of anthers, and prismatic crystals in the ovary cells of this species. No crystals were found in petal, stem and leaf tissues of P. dysenterica. F. eriocephala and L. arvensis, and L. gallica had small prismatic crystals only in their ovaries. No crystals were observed in the other tissues of these species. This study represents additional data on the presence of CaOx crystals in Asteraceae.
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