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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the DNA viruses which are closely related to cervical carcinogenesis. c-FOS plays a key role in initiation and maintenance of expression of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins in cervical carcinogenesis combined with infection with oncogenic types of HPV. AP-1 is considered to be a positive regulator which recognizes sequences in 5'HPV DNA regulatory region (LCR). Mutations in FOS gene, nuclear transcription factor coding proteins binding to specific DNA sequences occur with a frequency of 20-25% in various neoplasms in humans. The purpose of the study was identification of point mutation in c-FOS gene from cervical squamous carcinoma cells, high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cells and normal cervical epithelium.The study group consisted of 35 postoperative tissues from patients diagnosed with high grade dysplasia and 29 postoperative tissues from patients diagnosed with squamous cell cervical carcinoma. The control group consisted of normal cervical tissue specimens obtained from 33 patients that underwent hysterectomy due to uterine leiomyomas. Identification of point mutation in c-FOS gene exon 4 was performed using PCR - SSCP technique. Mutation in 450 nucleotide fragment of c-FOS gene was found in none of the studied samples.
Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor, which binds to a serum response element (SRE) associated with a variety of genes including immediate early genes such as c-fos, fosB, junB, egr-1 and –2, neuronal genes such as nurr1 and nur77 and muscle genes such as actins and myosins. By regulating expression of these genes, SRF controls cell growth and differentiation, neuronal transmission as well as muscle development and function. SRF can be activated by a variety of agents, including serum, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol- 13-acetate (TPA), cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-. (TNF.... ), agents that increase intracellular Ca 2+, T-cell virus1 activator protein, hepatitis B virus activator proteins pX, activated oncogenes and protooncogenes as well as extracellular stimuli such as antioxidant and UV light. SRF itself is regulated by both cellular signal transduction pathways and interaction with other transcription factors e.g. Sp1, ATF6 and myogenic regulatory factors. Its biological function is best eluci-dated for myocardium. Specific cardiac SRF transgenesis demonstrated that overex-pression of SRF caused hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mouse and the mouse died of heart failure within 6 months after birth. Other transgenic data suggested that suf-ficient SRF was needed for embryogenesis and early development. Since SRF is important regulator of numerous genes involved in cell growth and differentiation, including muscle and neural components, SRF may also play a crucial role in tissue injury and ulcer healing, e.g. healing of gastrointestinal ulcers.
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