The article deals with short characteristics of ecological building and standard requirements for ecological buildings. The subject of fi eld research were contemporary detached buildings located all over our country, built of ecological building materials: wood, straw, clay and silicates. The research analysis proved that these materials function properly in particular structural components of the building, are easily accessible on the market and provide good heat insulation and sound insulation of the building. Moreover they are mostly renewable and are found in large quantities.