Two theories, one based on the metabolism of inorganic substances, the other on metabolism of organic substances, have played an important role in the explanation of the origin of life. They demonstrate that the original environment of life on Earth was seawater containing micronutrients with structural, metabolic and catalytic activity. It is assumed that the first primitive organisms lived around 3.8 billion years ago and it was also then that the first catalytic reaction involving metal ions occurred. Biological oxidation leading to oxidative stress and cell damage in animals represents one of these types of reactions which are responsible for many animal diseases. The role of prooxidative and antioxidative actions of transition metal ions as well as their neuropathological consequences have therefore been the topic for many research projects. There is hope that metal chelates and antioxidants might prove to be a modern mode of therapy for i.e. neurogenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to show the evolution of scientific knowledge on metal ions, their biological oxidation, and an overview of their role in physiology and in pathological processes.
Technological advances in last decades of XX centuries were well utilised in the studies of biological oxidation processes. Biological oxidation can lead to the oxidative stress and subsequently to the cell damage of animal organisms leading to many diseases. Free radical processes taking place in cattle under pathological conditions. Metal ions are often responsible for the damage of biological systems. Fenton and the Fenton like reactions can play the central role in the oxidative stress. Transition metal ions and their complexes catalyse Fenton and the Fenton like reactions.
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