Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik

Bioaerosol and smog as determinants of human population health

100%

Leszczynski B. K., Zukiewicz-Sobczak W. A., Sobczak P., Santoro F.

Health Problems of Civilization

|

2019

|

tom 13

|

nr 3

When asked to describe air pollution, the average person will invariably mention the word “smog”. Although the term is often poorly understood, social awareness of it is much higher than just a few years ago. In the era of globalization, it has become clear that smog goes beyond dust and gas pollution and encompasses the microbiological purity of the air. This is due, among other things, to the fact that the human body may not only be a reservoir but also an emitter of microbiological particles dangerous to health and life. According to Górny, SCMB (Harmful Microbiological Factors) are easier to aerosolize compared to other air pollutants [1]. It highlights the risk of infectious diseases from abroad, including allergic disease entities. It also emphasizes the close relationship between various types of air pollution.

2

Biological threat detection in the air and on the surface: how to define the risk

100%

Trafny E. A., Lewandowski R., Stepinska M., Kaliszewski M.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

|

2014

|

tom 62

|

nr 4

3

Bacterial contamination of indoor air, surfaces, and settled dust, and related dust endotoxin concentrations in healthy office buildings

86%

Bouillard L., Michel O., Dramaix M., Devleeschouwer M.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2005

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

187-192

Endotoxin, a characteristic external fraction of the outer membrane from Gram-negative bacteria, continuously shed into the environment, is considered as an important risk factor for human health. Our purpose was to study the bacterial species contaminating healthy working environments. Airborne, working surfaces and carpet dust samples were collected from 25 offices. Bacterial species were identified with biochemical ApiSystem® strips. Endotoxin concentrations in settled dust were measured with the kinetic chromogenic Limulus assay. The airborne bacterial level varied from 44-2,511, with a median of 277 cfu/m3. Bacterial contamination on surfaces ranged from 1-1000, with 33 cfu/25 cm2 as median value. On carpets, bacterial concentration ranged from 0.73-185 x 105 cfu/g, with 7.28 x 105 cfu/g as median value. Endotoxin concentration varied from 4.6-116.2 EU/mg, with a median of 20.3 EU/mg. Altogether, 501 bacterial strains were isolated. The species variability was greater in Gram-negative bacteria than in Gram-positive cocci with 41 versus 34 various species. In conclusion, people working in healthy offices can be exposed to large concentrations of airborne and dust bacteria and related endotoxin concentrations, giving a risk of work-related diseases.

4

Diversity of yeast-like fungi and their selected properties in bioaerosol premises utility

86%

Ejdys E., Dynowska M., Biedunkiewicz A., Sucharzewska E.

Acta Mycologica

|

2014

|

tom 49

|

nr 1

A total of 69 isolates of yeasts were recorded in the indoor air of the school buildings: 43 in heated rooms and 26 in unheated rooms. Perfect stages prevailed. Fungi isolated in our study belonged to 39 species. These were mostly monospecific isolates although five two-species isolates were noted. Differences in the properties of physiological characters of fungi isolated in both study seasons were observed. As indoor and outdoor air does not mix during the heating season, a specific substrate for prototrophic, non-fermenting yeastlike fungi forms. Acid production allows fungi to dissolve inorganic compounds in building structures and to release needed microcomponents. Abilities to produce carotenoid pigments are clearly promoted in yeast-like fungi living indoor. This may be related to the accumulation of compounds that are indirect stages in the cycle of biosynthesis of carotenoids or a surplus of oxidizing compounds.

5

Ambient endotoxin level in an area with intensive livestock production

86%

Schulze A., Van Strien R., Ehrenstein V., Schierl R., Kuchenhoff H., Radon K.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2006

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

High levels of endotoxin are found inside and near to animal houses. However, there is a lack of data on environmental endotoxin in areas with intensive animal production facilities. We conducted a cross-sectional study of respiratory health in two villages of Lower Saxony with intensive livestock production. We assessed the level of endotoxin exposure in the backyards of 32 participants with two 24-hours measurements of inhalable fraction (one in winter and one in summer). The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of the levels of endotoxin varied between 2.0 (2.9) EU/m3 in winter and 2.9 (2.4) EU/m3 in summer. Potential predictors - season, sampling sites, and weather conditions - explained 24% of the variability in ambient endotoxin concentration in the study area. The results indicate that, compared with urban residents, exposure to endotoxin is greater among people living in rural areas with intensive animal production. This might affect their respiratory health. However, these exposures are characterized by a large spatial variability.

6

Dental bioaerosol as an occupational hazard in a dentist's workplace

86%

Szymanska J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2007

|

tom 14

|

nr 2

Many-year studies on aerosols as an infection vector, despite their wide range, ignored dental aerosol. All procedures performed with the use of dental unit handpieces cause the formation of aerosol and splatter which are commonly contaminated with bacteria, viruses, fungi, often also with blood. Aerosols are liquid and solid particles, 50 μm or less in diameter, suspended in air. Splatter is usually described as a mixture of air, water and/or solid substances; water droplets in splatter are from 50 μm to several millimetres in diameter and are visible to the naked eye. The most intensive aerosol and splatter emission occurs during the work of an ultrasonic scaler tip and a bur on a high-speed handpiece. Air-water aerosol produced during dental treatment procedures emerges from a patient’s mouth and mixes with the surrounding air, thus infl uencing its composition. Because air contained in this space is the air breathed by both dentist and patient, its composition is extremely important as a potential threat to the dentist’s health. According to the author, insuffi cient awareness of health risk, working habits, and economic factors are the reasons why dentists do not apply the available and recommended methods of protection against the infl uence of bioaerosol and splatter. Behaviour protecting a dentist and an assistant from the threat resulting from the infl uence of dental aerosol cannot be limited to solated actions. The author, on the basis of the literature and own research, characterizes bioaerosol and splatter in a dental surgery and reviews a full range of protective measures against these risk factors.

7

Exposure to airborne fungi during conservative dental treatment

86%

Szymanska J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2006

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

The aim of the study was a mycological assessment of bioaerosol forming during conservative dental treatment, taking into account concentration and type of fungal microflora, and evaluation of the influence of DUWL disinfecting protocol on the fungal contamination of the bioaerosol. The research was conducted on 25 operative sites located in public dental clinics. The air contained in the space between a patient and a dentist during conservative dental treatment with the use of a high-speed handpiece was examined. Air samples were taken using the portable RCS PLUS Air Sampler (BIOTEST AG, Dreieich, Germany) and ready-to-use agar YM Strips for yeast and mould fungi culture. The volume of the sampled air was 100 litres. Before disinfection, the concentration of fungi in the collected air samples at individual operative sites ranged from 4 × 101 cfu/m3 to 34 × 101 cfu/m3. The most common species was Penicillium herquei (62.17% of the total count), followed by other fungi: Alternaria alternata - 12.68%, Penicillium roseopurpureum - 9.41%, Rhizopus nigricans - 5.93%, Aspergillus terreus - 3.89%, Geotrichum candidum - 2.25%, Aspergillus glaucus group - 2.04%, Cladosporium cladosporoides - 1.23% and Penicillium diversum - 0.41%. The concentration of Penicillium herquei at individual operative sites ranged from 0 to 34 × 101 cfu/m3, mean 121.6 cfu/m3, Penicillium roseopurpureum - from 0 to 11 × 101 cfu/m3, mean 18.4 cfu/m3 and Alternaria alternata - from 0 to 18 × 101 cfu/m3, mean 24.8 cfu/m3. After disinfection, like before disinfection procedures, the prevailing species of fungi were: Penicillium herquei, Penicillium reseopurpureum and Alternaria alternata, which amounted to 62.6%, 18.28% and 11.36% of the isolated fungi, respectively. The recorded levels of total airborne fungi were lower after DUWL disinfection compared to those before disinfection.

8

Diarrhoea among waste collectors associated with bioaerosol exposure

86%

Ivens U. I., Hansen J., Breum N. O., Ebbehoj N., Nielsen M., Poulsen O. M., Wurtz H., Skov T.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1997

|

tom 04

|

nr 1

9

Health complaints from workplace exposure to bioaerosols: a questionnaire study in sewage workers

86%

Krajewski J. A., Cyprowski M., Szymczak W., Gruchala J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2004

|

tom 11

|

nr 2

A questionnaire study was performed in 99 workers at a large sewage treatment plant to investigate self-reported health complaints from workplace exposure to bioaerosols. The study population was divided into subgroups according to different work stations: mechanical treatment (MT), biological treatment (BT), sewage sludge treatment (SST) and operation control (OC). The questionnaire included personal data, workpost and job characteristics, exposure to chemicals, history of employment and exposure, workplace hygiene and protective measures, smoking and drinking habits. There was also a series of 25 questions on subjective health complaints grouped into the following clusters: 'flu-like symptoms', 'respiratory symptoms', 'nose, eye, throat and skin irritation', 'neurological symptoms' and 'gastrointestinal symptoms'. Each subject was asked whether the complaints had occurred 'frequently', 'rarely', or 'never' within the previous 12 months. Air concentrations of endotoxins and (1›3)-ß-D-glucans in the worker's breathing zone were also determined. The measurements of concentrations were made in the summertime during a morning shift. To determine endotoxins concentration, the Chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Test was applied. The questionnaire data and determination results were subject to a statistical analysis. No statistically significant relationship was found between the reported health complaints and such variables as job title, exposure to endotoxins and glucans, tobacco smoking, age and period of employment as sewage worker. The findings revealed that among the complaints, muscle and joint ache was reported most frequently, while among the symptom clusters, the flu-like symptoms prevailed. These symptom clusters occurred most frequently in OC workers, and were least often found in SST workers. In the worker's breathing zone, the geometric mean concentration of endotoxins amounted to 20.3 ng/m3 and of glucans to 7.76 ng/m3, and was not related to job title or job characteristics. A high correlation was found between endotoxins and (1→3)-ß-D-glucans concentrations (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.86, p<0.0005).

10

Effect of spraying biological additives for reduction of dust and bioaerosol in a confinement swine house

86%

Kim K. Y., Ko H. J., Kim H. T., Kim C. N.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2006

|

tom 13

|

nr 1

The aim of this on-site experiment is to evaluate and compare efficiencies of currently utilized biological additives to reduce emissions of dust and bioaeorsol in a confinement swine house. The mean reduction rate of total dust only after spray ranged was approximately 30% for all the treatments, compared to initial level before spraying additives which was found to reduce the initial level of total dust significantly (p<0.05). The mean reduction rate of all the treatments at 1hr after spraying was about 24% which was 6% lower than only after spray. Since 3hr after spraying, however, total dust level fluctuated inconstantly for all the treatments, besides application of soybean oil. The mean reduction rates of all the treatments only after spraying as compared to initial level before spraying were about 53% for total airborne bacteria (p<0.01) and 51% for total airborne fungi (p<0.01), respectively. At 1hr after spraying, the reduction rate of total airborne fungi averaged to about 35% for all the treatments (p<0.05), while insignificant reductions of total airborne bacteria were found only in the treatments with salt water, soybean oil, artificial spice, and essential oil (p>0.05). The fluctuations of total airborne bacteria and fungi, which were similar to total dust, were observed for all the treatments 3 hr after spray.

11

Bioaerosol exposure during handling of source separated household waste

86%

Heldal K., Eduard W., Bergum M.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1997

|

tom 04

|

nr 1

12

A job exposure matrix related to bioaerosol exposure during collection of household waste

86%

Breum N. O., Nielsen M., Wurtz H., Ivens U. I., Hansen J., Schibye B., Nielsen B. H., Poulsen O. M.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1997

|

tom 04

|

nr 1

13

Determinants of culturable bioaerosol concentrations in dairy barns

86%

Lange J. L., Thorne P. S., Kullman G. J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1997

|

tom 04

|

nr 2

14

Removal of microbial contaminants from pig house air using biofilter organic media

72%

Tymczyna L., Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A., Raczynska J., Drabik A.

Annals of Animal Science

|

2011

|

tom 11

|

nr 3

15

Microbiological air contamination in poultry houses

72%

Lonc E., Plewa K.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2010

|

tom 19

|

nr 1

15-19

Since intensive poultry production is accompanied by as high as possible densities of birds within buildings, this exposes poultry house workers to elevated concentrations of bioaerosol that is mainly emitted by birds. Exposure to dust containing pathogenic microbial and parasitic agents may cause asthma, asthma-like syndrome, mucous membrane irritation, chronic bronchitis, and allergic alveolitis organic dust toxic syndrome, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Since the microbial air pollution data base of poultry houses is insufficient at present, and poultry production is increasingly widespread, it is important to collect, compare and update the available data.

16

Occupational exposure to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and beta-glucans in poultry houses at different stages of the production cycle

72%

Lawniczek-Walczyk A., Gorny R. L., Golofit-Szymczak M., Niesler A., Wlazlo A.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2013

|

tom 20

|

nr 2

The aim of the presented study was to assess the exposure of poultry workers to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and β-glucans during different stages of the chicken production cycle in 3 commercially-operated poultry houses. Personal and stationary sampling was carried out to assess exposure to both viable and total microbial aerosols. The stationary measurements of PM10 were performed to establish the level of endotoxins and β-glucans. The concentrations of bacterial and fungal aerosols ranged from 2.5×102 CFU/m3 – 2.9×106 CFU/m3, and from 1.8×102 CFU/m3 – 1.8×105 CFU/m3, respectively. The number of culturable microorganisms was significantly lower than their total counts, constituting from 0.0004% – 6.4% of the total microbial flora. The level of PM10 in poultry facilities did not exceed 4.5 mg/m3. After the flock entered the clean house, the level of endotoxins and β-glucans increased from below detection limit to 8,364 ng/m3 and from 0.8 ng/m3 to 6,886 ng/m3, respectively. The presented study shows that professional activities in poultry farms are associated with constant exposure to bioaerosol, which may pose a health hazard to workers. It was found that workers’ exposure to airborne microorganisms increased with consecutive stages of the chicken production cycle.

17

A review of bio-aerosol exposures and associated health effects in veterinary practice

72%

Samadi S., Wouters I. M., Heederik D. J. J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2013

|

tom 20

|

nr 2

Introduction. Occupational exposure to bio-aerosols has been linked to various health effects. This review presents an overview of bio-aerosol exposure levels in veterinary practices, and investigates the possibility of health effects associated with bio-aerosol exposure. Methods. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed. Publications were included if they provided information on bio-aerosol exposure and related health effects through veterinary practice and other professions with similar exposures, occupationally exposed to animals. Results. Few studies in veterinary settings showed that substantial bio-aerosol exposure levels (e.g. endotoxin and β(1→3)-glucan) were likely occur when handling farm animals and horses. Exposure levels are comparable to those levels observed in farming which have been associated with respiratory health effects. Animal specific allergen exposures have hardly been studied, but showed to be measurable in companion animal clinics and dairy barns. The findings of the few studies available among veterinary populations, particularly those working with farm animals and horses, are indicative of an elevated risk for developing respiratory symptoms. Studies among pig farmers, exposed to similar environments as veterinarians, strongly confirm that veterinary populations are at an increased risk of developing respiratory diseases in relation to bio-aerosol exposure, in particular endotoxin. Exposure to animal allergens during veterinary practice may cause allergic inflammation, characterized by IgE-mediated reactions to animal allergens. Nonetheless, the occurrence of sensitization or allergy against animal allergens is poorly described, apart from laboratory animal allergy, especially known from exposure to rats and mice. Conclusion. Veterinary populations are likely exposed to elevated levels of bio-aerosols such as endotoxins, β(1→3)-glucans, and some specific animal allergens. Exposures to these agents in animal farmers are associated with allergic and non-allergic respiratory effects, proposing similar health effects in veterinary populations.

18

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in furniture factories

72%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Cholewa G., Sitkowska J., Milanowski J., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2002

|

tom 09

|

nr 1

19

Occupational safety and health in waste collection and recycling: the CORE research program

72%

Midtgard U., Poulsen O. M.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1997

|

tom 04

|

nr 1

20

Exposure to bioaerosols in a municipal sewage treatment plant

72%

Prazmo Z., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2003

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

Ograniczanie wyników

Bioaerosol and smog as determinants of human population health

Biological threat detection in the air and on the surface: how to define the risk

Bacterial contamination of indoor air, surfaces, and settled dust, and related dust endotoxin concentrations in healthy office buildings

Diversity of yeast-like fungi and their selected properties in bioaerosol premises utility

Ambient endotoxin level in an area with intensive livestock production

Dental bioaerosol as an occupational hazard in a dentist's workplace

Exposure to airborne fungi during conservative dental treatment

Diarrhoea among waste collectors associated with bioaerosol exposure

Health complaints from workplace exposure to bioaerosols: a questionnaire study in sewage workers

Effect of spraying biological additives for reduction of dust and bioaerosol in a confinement swine house

Bioaerosol exposure during handling of source separated household waste

A job exposure matrix related to bioaerosol exposure during collection of household waste

Determinants of culturable bioaerosol concentrations in dairy barns

Removal of microbial contaminants from pig house air using biofilter organic media

Microbiological air contamination in poultry houses

Occupational exposure to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and beta-glucans in poultry houses at different stages of the production cycle

A review of bio-aerosol exposures and associated health effects in veterinary practice

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in furniture factories

Occupational safety and health in waste collection and recycling: the CORE research program

Exposure to bioaerosols in a municipal sewage treatment plant