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The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) in bitches suffering from spontaneously occurring mammary gland tumors. The experiment involved 30 bitches with malignant gland tumors removed surgically (carcinoma complex - 40%, carcinoma simple - 26.7%, sarcoma - 23.3%, carcinosarcoma - 10%) and 10 clinically healthy bitches. Measurements of the CRP and SAA serum concentration were performed using a commercial ELISA test. The concentration of CRP as well as SAA were significantly higher in bitches with sarcomas or carcinosarcomas compared with the animals with carcinomas (complex or simple) and the control group. Histopathological examination showed extensive areas of necrosis and inflammatory reactions in most sarcomas and carcinosarcomas. Most likely these were the main causes of the CRP and SAA increase in the serum of bitches with these type of tumors.
The aim of the present study was to determine the cooperative interactions among some non-specific humoral factors participating in the immune response of healthy suckling piglets and piglets with diarrhea caused by E.coli at different ages. A total of 168 hybrid piglets (aged 12 to 18 days and 19 to 25 days), clinically healthy and suffering from diarrhea, were examined. The serum levels of lysozyme, ceruloplasmin (CP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in randomly selected sibs (clinically healthy piglets and piglets with diarrhea). Feces samples were taken from piglets with diarrhea to identify E. coli strains. A positive correlation between lysozyme activity and the serum concentration of CP was observed in healthy animals. This shows that over the experimental period the values of both these indices increased along parallel lines at a relatively stable CRP level. Elevated serum levels of lysozyme, CP and CRP in piglets with diarrhea caused by E. coli, as compared with healthy piglets, reflected the participation of these non-specific humoral factors in the immune response against E. coli. The increase in lysozyme activity, resulting from the immune response, was parallel to the increase in CP concentration (a positive correlation), but not parallel to the increase in CRP concentration (a negative correlation). These changes were found to be age-related. In younger piglets, the lysozyme activity was significantly correlated with CRP level but in older ones with level of CP.
Uncontrolled and over-intensive training can lead to a decrease in exercise efficiency and health state disorders in dogs. Examinations of sled dogs revealed that prolonged effort induced specific biochemical changes and released indicatory enzymes into peripheral circulation. The purpose of the study was to reveal the efficacy of selected markers of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenate (LDH) and their isoenzymes, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose and lactic acid in detecting sub clinical states of skeletal muscles lesions. Examinations were carried out on 17 sled dogs (Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamut) at the start, during and end of the training season, before and after exercise. Dogs were in good condition before study and did not revealed clinical symptoms of disease. During progressively extended training loads a decrease in the motor activity of some dogs was noted. An increase in the activity of AST, CK and LDH5 in the examined dogs confirmed these changes and testified to skeletal muscle injury. The lack of adaptation of organism efficiency to excessive trainings loads also caused an increase in the concentration of glucose and lactic acid in the plasma of the sled dogs. C-reactive protein and inflammatory state markers were also designated to estimate of health state of the dogs. An increase of CRP concentration, noted in the examined dogs, could testified to inflammatory states of muscles or may have be connected with exercise stress. Clinical symptoms confirmed these changes. A lack of physical adaptation to the intensity of training leads to muscle injuries. Measurements of muscle injury markers during excessive load training facilitate the recognition of hyper-training states and muscles injuries in sled dogs.
Searching for new more accurate biomarkers in order to evaluate the health of bitches with reproductive disorders and disturbances has been a subject of inquiry for many researchers. Biomarkers are measurable indicators, the concentrations of which are dependent on the degree and type of stimulus. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) has been proven to be a valuable biomarker for health status evaluation of bitches suffering from reproductive disorders, such as pyometra, as well as for treatment monitoring. However, no data are available related to the CRP profile in bitches with ovarian cysts for a better evaluation of their condition and prognosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the possible usefulnessof CRP determination in the serum of bitches with ovarian cysts. Our results suggest that CRP concentrations could be useful indicators of the presence of ovarian cysts, although studies with more animals are needed.
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