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An acquired megaoesophagus in a calf has been described. The diagnosis of megaoesophagus was made based on clinical and laboratory examinations, using contrast radiography, and necropsy findings. Atropine sulphate was used to enlighten the relationship between damage in the N. vagus and bradycardia, which developed in the megaoesophagus case.
This paper reports a study of the alkaloid content of different parts of Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae) in various stages of its growth and development, and the location, structure and ultrastructure of alkaloid-biosynthesizing cells (idioblasts) in different parts of naturally grown and cultured plant material. TLC, HPLC, and GC/MS methods were used for alkaloid assays. The results showed that alkaloid production starts from the end of the second week after seed germination, increases in different organs up to the tenth week of growth, and then decreases. Leaves and capsules showed the highest alkaloid content in the vegetative and generative stages, respectively. In leaves the alkaloids decreased rapidly in the generative stage. The highest alkaloid content was recorded in vegetative leaves, followed in descending order by vegetative petioles, generative and vegetative stems, generative petioles, generative roots, generative leaves, vegetative roots and mature seeds. The organs as well as calli derived from different leaf parts were examined for the presence of idioblasts by microscopic and cytochemical methods. Idioblasts were present only in semi-hyaline callus originated from leaf base; they were spherical or oval, with a thick cell wall and large central vacuole. These observations should prove helpful in attempts to produce specific alkaloids in naturally grown plants and cell cultures.
An anesthetic combination of medetomidine-midazolam-atropine and propofol was investigated in twenty New Zealand White rabbits. Each rabbit received combined medetomidine at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg (b.w.), midazolam (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) and atropine (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) intramuscularly for induction of anesthesia. Propofol was administered intravenously - given to effect, and after that by an infusion pump to maintain anesthesia. The influence of the anesthetic combination on the cardiopulmonary system was evaluated by monitoring respiratory and heart rates, blood pressure, and arterial blood gas tensions. The results obtained showed that propofol infusion at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg b.w./min maintained general anesthesia effectively with few side effects on the cardiopulmonary system during 30 minutes. However, slight hypotension, hypercapnia, and respiratory acidosis were associated with infusion of this anesthetic. The recovery of the rabbits from the anesthesia was smooth. Two rabbits died 20 to 24 hours after anesthesia. In conclusion, an anesthetic combination with medetomidine-midazolam-atropine and propofol at the investigated doses was shown to be a safe method to induce and maintain general anesthesia enabling short-term surgical procedures in healthy animals.
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