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We used complexes between a fourth generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer and one of two heterocyclic compounds — 1-(6-hydroxyhexyl)-3-(5-phenyl-isoxazole-3-yl)-urea or 5-phenyl-isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid — to reduce oxygen consumption in transverse slices of the hippocampus taken from 4-week old male rats. In vitro electrophysiological experiments revealed that the inhibitory effect of the hypoxic state on the evoked responses was enhanced in the presence of the complexes. The data were analyzed in terms of the potential antitumor effects of these complexes.
Swiss albino male mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) and treated i.p. with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α (rhTNF-) three time a week in doses of 5, 7.5 and 10μg for 2 weeks, respectively. The effect of the cytokine on EAT was evaluated by the rate of tumor growth inhibition and ultrastructural changes in EAT cell. After the applied doses of rhTNF-α, inhibition of tumor growth was found. The number of EAT cells decreased after 7.5 and 10μg of rhTNF-α (P<0.001). Ultrastructural study demonstrated a cytotoxic effect of the cytokine on EAT cells.
Thymus broussonettii, a Moroccan endemic plant, exists in two chemotypes. The aim of our study is to compare the cytotoxic activity of their essential oils and major products as well as their effect on cell cycle and apoptosis induction. The chemical composition analysis of essential oils by GC-SM revealed that the lasts are rich and diverse and the major products of the chemotypes TbA and TbE are carvacrol and thymol, respectively. The in vitro cytotoxic effect study against five tumor cell lines shows that TbA essential oil, rich in carvacrol, has an important cytotoxic effect, higher than that of TbE, rich in thymol. This result is confirmed by comparing cytotoxic effect of carvacrol and thymol. Furthermore, TbA EO /carvacrol and TbE EO /thymol induce cell cycle arrest at S and G0/G1 phases, respectively. On the other hand, carvacrol, most cytotoxic in vitro, was studied for its effect on solid tumor in vivo and apoptosis-induction. Our results show that carvacrol, administred by gavage, has an important effect on solid tumor and induce apoptosis in P815 tumor cell line.
The RGD sequence is present in many extracellular matrix proteins and intracellular proteins, including caspases. Synthetic RGD peptides may affect adhesion, migration and tumour metastasis, or directly induce apoptosis. Several RGD peptides were synthesised, and their anti-adhesive and cytotoxic properties were analysed in vitro. The most active peptide (poly RGD) was also tested in vivo to assess its modulatory activity on melanoma growth. Synthetic RGD peptides inhibit the adhesion of Ab melanoma cells to fibronectin. Poly RGD significantly inhibits primary tumour growth. There was no observed cytotoxicity of poly RGD towards Ab cells in a medium with 10% serum; however, under the same conditions, the anti-adhesive effect of poly RGD was still visible. Experiments on Jurkat cells indicated a weak cytotoxicity of poly RGD and a significant cytotoxicity of GRGDNP (the reference cytotoxic peptide), retained only under serum-free conditions. The anti-tumour effect of poly RGD observed in the Ab Bomirski melanoma model is probably due to an anti-adhesive mechanism. The proapoptotic activity of RGD peptides is dependent on the absence of serum.
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Photodynamic therapy in melanoma - an update

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