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The prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in SW Poland

100%

Kiewra D., Zalesny G., Czulowska A.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2014

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tom 63

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nr 1

Ticks constitute important vectors of human and animal pathogens. Besides the Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis, other pathogens such as Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, are of increasing public health interest. In Poland, as in other European countries, Ixodes ricinus, the most prevalent tick species responsible for the majority of tick bites in humans, is the main vector of A. phagocytophilum. The aim of the study was to estimate the infection level of I. ricinus with A. phagocytophilum in selected districts, not previously surveyed for the presence of this agent. Sampling of questing ticks was performed in 12 forested sites, located in four districts (Legnica, Milicz, Lubań, and Oława) in SW Poland. Altogether, 792 ticks (151 females, 101 males, and 540 nymphs) representing I. ricinus were checked for the presence of A. phagocytophilum. The average infection level was 4.3%, with higher rate reported for adult ticks. The highest percentage of infected adults was observed in Milicz (17.4%) and the lowest in Oława (6.8%). The abundance of questing I. ricinus in all examined sites as well as the infection with A. phagocytophilum indicate for the first time the risk for HGA transmission in SW Poland.

2

A novel member of the thermolysin family, cloning and biochemical characterization of metalloprotease from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

84%

Wladyka B., Bista M., Sabat A. J., Bonar E., Grzeszczuk S., Hryniewicz W., Dubin A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2008

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tom 55

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nr 3

525-536

Thermolysins constitute a family of secreted bacterial metalloproteases expressed, among others, by several pathogens. Strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from diseased dogs and judged as protease-positive, by skim milk agar plate culture, were investigated for protease content. No proteolytic activity was detected when the bacteria were grown in regular liquid media. Unexpectedly, supplementation of the medium with calcium ions resulted in expression of a metalloprotease and profound changes in the profile of extracellular proteins. On the basis of homology to other staphylococcal metalloproteases, the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding this protease (Pst) and its flanking regions was determined. The full-length pstcodes for a protein with an open reading frame of 505 amino acids. The internal region contains the HEXXH catalytic domain that is conserved in members of the thermolysin family. Regardless of the presence of calcium in the medium, the expression of the protease gene was of the same intensity. This suggests that regulation of the metalloprotease production by calcium ions is at a post-transcriptional level. Isolates of S. pseudintermediusexhibit a proteolytic phenotype due to the metalloprotease expression, however only in presence of calcium ions, which most probably stabilize the structure of the protease.

3

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Application of DNA vaccines in fish

84%

Lepa A., Siwicki A. K., Terech-Majewska E.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2010

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tom 13

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nr 1

213-215

Vaccination is a most cost-effective way of controlling infectious diseases in fish. However, some vaccination techniques when applied to hatchery conditions are not as effective as we expect them to be. Modern molecular biology techniques offer a number of opportunities for improving existing bacterial or viral vaccines or creating new ones. One of the most promising trends in vaccinology is development of DNA vaccination. DNA vaccines are based on the gene encoding specific antigen, which is expressed in vaccinated organism and induces the host immune system. DNA vaccines, compared to conventional vaccines, have many advantages including ability to trigger wider immune response, bigger stability and possibility of large-scale production. To date, there are several reports indicating effectiveness of DNA vaccines used against fish pathogens.

4

Molecular aspects of Listeria monocytogenes infection

84%

Krawczyk-Balska A., Bielecki J.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2004

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tom 53

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nr Suppl.

Listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne intracellular animal and human pathogen, interacts with infected host cells both prior to entry and during the intracellular phase of infection. This review is focused on the role of secreted proteins including listeriolysin O and two distinct phospholipases C, in modulating the signal transduction of infected cells.

5

Evaluation of three methods for DNA fingerprinting of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from goats in Poland

84%

Stefanska I., Rzewuska M., Binek M.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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2008

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tom 57

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nr 2

Phenotypic approaches based on metabolic and biological characteristics of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis have been limited due to insufficient discrimination between closely related isolates. In this paper we present performance and convenience of three molecular typing methods: BOX-PCR, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplification of DNA fragments surrounding rare restriction site (ADSRRS-fingerprinting) in genome analysis of these bacteria. Among examined 61 strains there were distinguished four, eight and 10 different genotypes by BOX-PCR, RAPD and ADSRRS-fingerprinting, respectively. The value of discrimination index was the lowest for BOX-PCR (D = 0.265), much bigger for RAPD (D = 0.539) and the highest for ADSRRS-fingerprinting (D = 0.604). The good discriminatory ability and reproducibility of RAPD and ADSRRS-fingerprinting indicates that those techniques may be particularly applied for epidemiological studies of C. pseudotuberculosis isolates. We found that ADSRRS-fingerprinting is a rapid method offering good discrimination power, excellent reproducibility and may be applied for epidemiological studies of intraspecific genetic relatedness of C. pseudotuberculosis strains.

6

Quenching of acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent quorum sensing by enzymatic disruption of signal molecules

67%

Czajkowski R., Jafra S.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2009

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tom 56

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nr 1

1-16

Many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria communicate using small diffusible signal molecules called autoinducers. This process, known as quorum sensing (QS), links cell density to the expression of genes as diverse as those associated with virulence factors production of plant and animal pathogens, bioluminescence, antibiotic production, sporulation or biofilm formation. In Gram-negative bacteria, this communication is mainly mediated by N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). It has been proven that inactivation of the signal molecules attenuates many of the processes controlled by QS. Enzymatic degradation of the signal molecules has been amply described. Two main classes of AHL-inactivating enzymes were identified: AHL lactonases which hydrolyse the lactone ring in AHLs, and AHL acylases (syn. AHL amidases) which liberate a free homoserine lactone and a fatty acid. Recently, AHL oxidoreductase, a novel type of AHL inactivating enzyme, was described. The activity of these enzymes results in silencing the QS-regulated processes, as degradation products cannot act as signal molecules. The ability to inactivate AHL (quorum quenching, QQ) might be useful in controlling virulence of many pathogenic bacteria.

7

The comparative study of vector-borne pathogens in dogs and red foxes from the Mazovia voivodship

67%

Mierzejewska E. J., Tolkacz K., Dwuznik D., Kakietek D., Koczwarska J., Bajer A.

Annals of Parasitology

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2016

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tom 62

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nr Suppl.

8

Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus ticks determined by polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of primers detecting 16S rRNA and ankA genes

67%

Chmielewska-Badora J., Zwolinski J., Cisak E., Wojcik-Fatla A., Buczek A., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2007

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tom 14

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nr 2

A total of 684 Ixodes ricinus ticks (321 nymphs, 184 males, and 179 females) were collected by fl agging lower vegetation in 6 forest districts located on the territory of Lublin province (eastern Poland). Ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA with two pairs of primers: EHR521/EHR747 for detecting 16S rRNA gene, and LA6/LA1 for detecting ankA gene. To study the relationship between infection in ticks and people occupationally exposed to tick bite, blood serum samples of 261 forestry workers employed in the same forest districts were examined by immunofl uorescence method for the presence of specifi c antibodies against A. phagocytophilum. A total of 70 ticks out of 684 examined (10.2%) showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA gene. The prevalence of infection was signifi cantly dependent on tick’s stage (χ2=49.2, p<0.00001) and geographical locality (χ2=34.4, p<0.00001). The percentage of I. ricinus females infected with A. phagocytophilum (24.6%) was signifi cantly greater compared to males (6.5%) and nymphs (4.4%) (p<0.00001). Only 19 ticks out of 684 examined (2.8%) showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum ankA gene, signifi cantly less compared to 16S rRNA gene (p<0.00001). The prevalence of infection demonstrated by the presence of ankA gene was also signifi cantly dependent on tick’s stage (χ2=23.6, p<0.00001) but not on locality (χ2=9.8, p=0.082). A signifi cant correlation was found between the presence of A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA gene in I. ricinus female ticks from the particular forest districts and the serologic response to A. phagocytophilum of forestry workers employed in the same districts (p<0.05). No signifi cant correlation was found between the presence of A. phagocytophilum ankA gene in I. ricinus ticks and serologic response of exposed workers. In conclusion, detection of A. phagocytophilum infection in ticks by PCR with the use of EHR521/EHR747 primers detecting 16S rRNA gene is signifi cantly more sensitive compared to LA6/LA1 primers detecting ankA gene.

Ograniczanie wyników

The prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in SW Poland

A novel member of the thermolysin family, cloning and biochemical characterization of metalloprotease from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

Application of DNA vaccines in fish

Molecular aspects of Listeria monocytogenes infection

Evaluation of three methods for DNA fingerprinting of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains isolated from goats in Poland

Quenching of acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent quorum sensing by enzymatic disruption of signal molecules

The comparative study of vector-borne pathogens in dogs and red foxes from the Mazovia voivodship

Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus ticks determined by polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of primers detecting 16S rRNA and ankA genes