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The investigation was carried out on 51 piglets. 11 piglets were used as control animals. The remaining 40 piglets were given (daily, starting from the third day of life) 2 ml of 18-hour Lactobacillus strain culture containing 1 x 108 bacteria isolated from the pig( alimentary tract. Clinical, haematological and biochemical examinations were performed on all animals at the age of 2, 6, 15 and 21 days. One piglet from each of the control and experimental groups and from each respective age group was subjected to euthanasia in order to collect duodenum and jejunum samples to determine the number of colonizing Lactobacillus strains. A decrease in the haemoglobin level, an insignificant fall in the urea level and an insignificant degree of compensated metabolic acidosis were found in the piglets examined. The investigation revealed that an administration of Lactobacillus strains to piglets has a positive influence on the functioning of the alimentary tract, causing no disturbances in the homeostasis of the organism. Compensated metabolic acidosis of an insignificant degree did not have any significant impact on the state of health of the animals under study.
The aim of the study was to assess the effects of tamoxifen and cyclophosphamide on the selected cell-mediated immunity parameters in dogs. The study included 18 dogs aged 5-10 years. The experimental group consisted of 12 animals with neoplastic lesions classified as the first or second staging group (according to the WHO TMN classification). This group was divided into two subgroups: I - six dogs receiving oral tamoxifen, and II - six dogs with cyclophosphamide administered orally. The control group included six healthy dogs. The blood was sampled from the saphenous access vein two times at 14-d intervals before the drug administration, three times every 7 d during administration, and two times every 14 d after completion of the therapy. The basic blood tests were carried out and the subpopulations of TCD4+ and TCD8+ lymphocytes, and phagocytic activity of granulocytes and monocytes were determined using flow cytometry. It was found that tamoxifen induced a marked increase in WBC and neutrophil counts, increased phagocytic activity of monocytes, and changed the CD4+:CD8+ ratio (in favour of cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulation). These findings indicated the stimulation of cell-mediated immunity mechanisms. Cyclophosphamide caused a substantial decrease in the overall leukocyte pool and reduced the percentage of cells activated for phagocytosis, both neutrophils and monocytes even after completion of its administration, which proves its immunosuppressive effects.
The main role of iron is being part of haemoglobin, whose level it stabilizes; however, iron also plays a very important role in immunological processes and the metabolism of the organism. Hepcidin is a peptide hormone. It was first isolated from human blood and urine, and its release was attributed to the liver. A failure to produce hepcidin is related to iron overload, while its excessive production to anaemia caused by iron deficit. The releasing of hepcidin also affects hypoxia and inflammation through inhibiting these processes in patients with haemochromatosis. There are three forms of the regulation of the iron level: the first is a regulation in cellular storages, the second is erythropoiesis and the third is a dietary regulator. Hepcidin was identified as a regulator which communicates the level of iron reserves in the organism to intestine cells responsible for the absorption of iron. In inflammatory conditions, when the organism wishes to cause alimentary iron deficit, hepcidin production increases even a hundred fold, thus leading to anaemia. Hepcidin is also a stimulator of inflammation as an antibacterial factor produced in the liver parenchyma. It decreases the absorption of iron in the intestines and increases the secretion of iron to the reticuloendothelial system. Experiments on animals deprived of hepcidin and animals with its excess make it possible to understand iron homeostasis and confirm the role of hepcidin as a hormone regulating iron metabolism.
Decontamination effectiveness of ammonium-ferric(lll)-hexacyanoferrate(II) (AFCF) in reducing the radiocaesium transfer into dairy goat milk was examined. The most effective reduction of radioactivity burden in milk was found in animals treated with AFCF as early as the first day of radionuclide contamination. Milk radioactivity concentrations in goats treated simultaneously with ¹³⁷CsCI and hexacyanoferrate were over 10-fold lower than those in the controls at all measurement time points. Decontamination efficiency was reduced when AFCF treatment was delayed.
The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of ethanol intoxication as well as in vitro effect of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and tBOOH on antioxidant status of erythrocytes and on haematological parameters in rats. It has been shown that ethanol intoxication caused a decrease in SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GSSG-R activities and in GSH and vitamin E levels in erythrocytes as well as in RBC count, and HGB and HCT values. These changes were accompanied by an enhanced lipid peroxidation estimated on the basis of MDA level. Green tea administration partially prevented the observed changes. In the in vitro experiment, ethanol and to a higher degree acetaldehyde and tBOOH caused a decrease in the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSSG-R) and in the concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants (GSH, vitamins E and C). All the examined compounds enhanced lipid peroxidation process. However, a green tea due to its antioxidant properties partially protected erythrocytes against ethanol, acetaldehyde, and tBOOH action.
Human or animal hair is considered to be a good indicator of the content of bioelements or toxic elements in human and animal organism. Its analysis is a good alternative for the arduous obtaining blood or biopsy samples. The aim of the performed research was the assessment of some chosen bioelements in the organism of European bison on the basis of their analysis in hair. The investigation material comprised hair samples obtained from 22 animals. All animals were divided into groups according to gender (males, females) and age (calves up to one year of age and animals older than 2 years). Samples were mineralized in nitric acid, under pressure in the microwave apparatus. The content of phosphorus, sulphur, magnesium, iron, titanium and vanadium were determined in hair samples. The content of these elements was determined using the ICP-AES method in accredited laboratory. The accuracy of determinations was tested using the standard reference material. The mean content of phosphorus in hair amounted to 245.14 mg · kg–1, SD 65.00, magnesium 97.32 mg · kg–1, SD 33.16, iron 119.48 mg · kg–1, SD 83.31 and titanium 2.368 mg · kg–1, SD 2.097. In case of these elements, differences depending on gender and age were statistically insignificant. Mean content of sulphur in the European bison hair amounted to 3.41% with equalized content in the herd (SD 0.22%). Here also statistically insignificant differences depending on gender were observed. However, a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0,05) was demonstrated which depended on animal age. Mature European bisons had more sulphur in hair as compared to calves. The concentration of vanadium (0.362 mg · kg–1, SD 0.396 on the average) significantly differed in hair depending on the European bison age with much higher values in adult animals (calves 0.260 mg · kg–1, animals older than 2 years 0.686 mg · kg–1). Similar data were obtained while investigating hair of sea mammals.
Selenium accumulates in the organism of livestock and thus increases the additive value of meat, prolongs its storage time, and improves culinary properties. In addition, selenium in meat is an important source of selenium in human nutrition. The aim of present research was to determine the effects of supplementation of diet with antioxidant preparation containing Se and vitamin E (0.1 mg and 20 mg kg⁻¹, respectively) on the growth of fattening pigs, to assess the selenium accumulation in their organism, and to evaluate its effects on the physical-chemical properties of the meat. Two groups (12 pigs in each) of analogous pigs’ hybrid were investigated. Experimental group got the supplements of antioxidants. Addition of Se and vitamin E preparation to diet had no significant effect on feed intake, animal growth and meat quality indicators. Blood analyses showed the accumulation of trace element selenium in fattening pigs.
W badaniach doświadczalnych na zwierzętach określono niektóre właściwości farmakodynamiczne naturalnej wody fluorkowej oraz wodnego roztworu NaF. Stwierdzono oddziaływanie tych wód na gospodarką lipidową i wodno-elektrolitową, równowagę kwasowo-zasadową oraz perystaltykę jelita cienkiego.
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