The aim of this review is to explain fundamentals of DNA microarray technique and indicate possibilities of its use in veterinary sciences. DNA microarray technology is a powerful tool for functional and structural genomics. It allows the analysis of an entire genome expression (transcriptomic profile) on one glass or plastic slide in a short period of time. It gives the opportunity to establish genes expression patterns characteristic for different physiological and pathological conditions and allows its use as a diagnostic tool. The use of expression microarrays gives the possibility to examine the influence of new treatment strategies in particular diseases and enables the assessment of advantages and disadvantages of this type of therapy. It also allows finding new targets (key proteins, enzymes) for newly developed drugs and makes possible the adaptation of a drug therapy to individual patients. By using DNA microarray technique it is possible to make a new hypothesis and to validate current ones. In this review the origin of the DNA microarray technique, its molecular basics, different kinds of microarray slides and analysis platform as well as the methodology of labeling and hybridization were described. This review may be very useful for people who are planning to use or are have already begun using DNA microarray technique.
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