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The role of forestry in the socio-economic development of Poland’s agricultural region (input-output analysis)

100%

Golos P., Zajac S.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2007-2008

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tom 49-50

The study was undertaken in the region of the Białowieża Primeval Forest (Białowieża, Browsk, and Hajnówka Forest Districts – FDs), which has a total area of 52 thousand hectares and is situated in the agricultural zone of north-eastern Poland. The study used an input-output (I-O) analysis to explore: 1) the type and strength of relationships between forest management and its socio-economic environment, and 2) the role and significance of forestry in the development of the region. The forest sector (FDs) employed 452 people, with salaries totalling USD 1.6 million/yr. FDs supplied the socio-economic environment with the generated cash flows (taxes and dues) amounting to USD 4.8 million/yr, enabling creation of 413 jobs outside forestry. FDs supplied goods and services for the amount of USD 5.2 million/yr, mainly revenues from the sale of 120,000 m3 of harvested wood. The wood-processing industry employed 1,111 people, and was also a source of taxes and dues amounting to USD 1.7 million/yr. Fifteen jobs were created per 1,000 m3 of harvested, sold, and processed wood: 2 in FDs, 4 in the firms providing goods and services, and 9 in the recipients of goods and services. Simultaneously, this was a source of taxes amounting to USD 26.0/yr, of which USD 11.0 thousand/yr was paid by FDs, USD 1.4 thousand/yr by the environment of suppliers, and USD 13.6 thousand/yr by the environment of recipients.

2

The runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from selected agricultural regions in the Vistula and Odra drainage basins

86%

Taylor R.

Oceanologia

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1984

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tom 18

3

Cadmium levels in young coots originating from industrial and agricultural regions of North-Middle Poland

86%

Szarek J., Felsmann M. Z., Markiewicz K., Markiewicz E., Felsmann M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2001

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tom 10

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nr 6

This paper presents results of research determining cadmium levels in livers of 48 coots (Fulica atra) aged 5-6 months, originating from industrial (Bydgoszcz) and agricultural (Znin) areas. Studies were carried out in 1993-1995. The results of the investigation show a decrease in the amounts of the analysed cadmium in birds from Bydgoszcz region (from 0.04 mg/kg to 0.03 mg/kg wet mass), while there was an increase of this metal in coots nesting in the area close to Znin (from 0.03 mg/kg to 0.04 mg/kg). Increasing cadmium levels in Znin region indicate a potential threat to the birds inhabiting this area. This statement was confirmed by the fact that coots stayed in the Znin neighbourhood for 5-6 months only. The highest cadmium level in the liver was 0.05 mg/kg.

4

Ephemeral gully erosion from agricultural regions in the Pacific Northwest, USA

72%

Barber M. E., Mahler R. L.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2010

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tom 42

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nr 1

23-29

Soil erosion continues to be problematic financially and environmentally with the USEPA ranking sediment as one of the top ten pollutants of concern in the USA. One aspect of erosion often overlooked is the role of ephemeral gullies in terms of quantity of sediment produced and amount exported to nearby waterways. Current physically-based and empirical models are inadequate for predicting this type of erosion particularly at the watershed scale. A new methodology for predicting the quantity and location of sediment delivery was developed and tested via a case study. Aerial ephemeral gully erosion rates varied from 33.6 mton/km2 (0.15 U.S. tons/acre) in the Big Bear Creek basin to 88.4 mton/km2 (0.39 U.S. tons/acre) in the Middle Potlatch Creek basin representing 2.3 to 7.7% of the total surface sediment load. This information was used to develop a predictive Erosion Potential Index (EPI) that uses LANDSAT aerial imagery combined with readily available soils information and a digital elevation model to identify the most probably locations of ephemeral gully development. High resolution aerial imagery was used to quantify actual ephemeral gully locations which were then compared to the EPI predicted locations to verify the procedure. High resolution aerial imagery was also used to quantify the amounts of soil erosion from ephemeral gullies in basins of the Potlatch River system.

5

Threat of small midfield ponds on Weltyn Plain

72%

Gamrat R.

International Agrophysics

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2006

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tom 20

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nr 2

6

Conditions of non-agricultural enterprises in rural areas in a structurally dispersed agricultural region

72%

Mis T., Kata R.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Economics

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2005

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tom 08

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nr 3

In this paper, the authors assess conditions for developing non-agricultural economic activity in rural areas with a dispersed agriculture. The research was conducted in the Podkarpacki region, and is based on opinions expressed by farmer - entrepreneurs as well as other rural entrepreneurs.

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Economic incentives in land reclamation sector in Lithuania

58%

Maziliauskas A., Morkunas V., Rimkus Z., Saulys V.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2007

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nr 11

8

Airborne grass and ragweed pollen in the Southern Panonnian Valley - consideration of rural and urban environment

58%

Sikoparija B., Radisic P., Pejak T., Simic S.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2006

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tom 13

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nr 2

The aims of this study were to describe and compare the characteristics of grass and ragweed airborne pollen in rural and urban areas in the southern Panonnian Valley. Airborne pollen data were collected by using Hirst type volumetric samplers simultaneously in rural and urban localities. If rural and urban environment are considered, both grass and ragweed daily pollen concentrations showed a significant degree of association. Observed parameters (pollen index, maximum daily concentration, number of days during which the pollen is recorded in the air and start day of main pollen season), showed year-to-year variations for both grass and ragweed aeropollen. Average values of these parameters were higher in the rural environment, but the difference was statistically significant only for grass pollen index. Such a low difference indicates the possibility for conducting dose response clinical trials based on data obtained from one sampling station. The least year-to-year variations as well as the least difference between rural and urban environment, have been observed in the case of start date of the MPS. Such a situation suggests the possibility for using data obtained in one type of environment for the development of long-term forecast models for an entire region.

Ograniczanie wyników

The role of forestry in the socio-economic development of Poland’s agricultural region (input-output analysis)

The runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from selected agricultural regions in the Vistula and Odra drainage basins

Cadmium levels in young coots originating from industrial and agricultural regions of North-Middle Poland

Ephemeral gully erosion from agricultural regions in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Threat of small midfield ponds on Weltyn Plain

Conditions of non-agricultural enterprises in rural areas in a structurally dispersed agricultural region

Economic incentives in land reclamation sector in Lithuania

Airborne grass and ragweed pollen in the Southern Panonnian Valley - consideration of rural and urban environment