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Background. Keeping to a balanced diet plays a key role in maximizing the body’s efficiency so that sports training becomes more effective. Previous studies have shown that an athletes’ diet is often not properly balanced, and can thus negatively affect sporting performance. Objectives. To assess the energy and nutrient intake in young men practicing aerobic sport and compare them with those recommended. Material and methods. Subjects were 25 male athletes, aged 19-25 years, practicing aerobic sports who were students at two Warsaw Universities; The Military University of Technology and University of Physical Education. The average body mass was 80.6 ± 9.6 kg and average height was 187.0 ± 7.6 cm, (BMI thus being 23.01 ± 1.70 kg/m2). Dietary assessment was based on three-day dietary recalls consisting of two weekdays and one day of the weekend. The energy and macro/ micro-nutrient intake were evaluated using the Polish Software ‘Energia’ package and compared to recommendations and standards. Supplements were absent from the athletes’ diets. Results. The energy value of diets were too low in most instances; average %-age deficiency was 30.22 ± 13.76%. Total protein intake, (mean 1.41 ± 0.36 g per kg body weight) was inadequate in 40% of cases, whilst all showed appropriate intakes of animal protein. Most subjects’ carbohydrate intake (84%) was deficient; median 3.28 g/kg body weight. Fibre intake, (median 17.17 g) was also insufficient in 76% cases. Total fat intake, (33,9% ± 5,7 energy) was too high in 32% of cases. The %-age dietary energy obtained from saturated fatty acids was 12,18% ± 2,53 and 5,72% ± 1,43 from polyunsaturated fatty acids, where most subjects’ diet (64%) was, as well, high in cholesterol. Furthermore, significant deficiencies were observed in the following: Vitamin A (44% of group below EAR), vitamin C (80% below EAR), vitamin D (92% below EAR), foliate (84% below EAR), calcium (52% below EAR) and magnesium (60% below EAR). Vitamin E intake was however higher than the AI level. Almost all subjects had adequate intakes of vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin and zinc. Conclusions. The energy value of diet and carbohydrate intake were inadequate to the athletes’ requirements. Dietary deficiencies of folate, vitamins C and D, magnesium, calcium and potassium were also observed. There is therefore a need for sports nutrition counselling and education which would help athletes improve their eating habits and health, as well as for optimising their sports training performance.
Novelty of research is to structure classes for various areas of health aerobics and mental fitness that will be held according to separate and combined programs. Tasks of the paper: to reveal the content of health aerobics and mental fitness exercise package program; to present recommendations for combination of different types of exercises; to establish changes in functional status of women under the influence of exercise according to the proposed program. Research methods. Analysis and generalization of literature, assessment of the level of women’s functional status, methods of mathematical statistics. Results of the research. The article deals with the content of health aerobics and mental fitness comprehensive program. Experimental program classes were held during 11 months, three times a week and lasted for 60 minutes. Among a wide variety of programs, the following exercises were used: classical aerobics, dance, floor work, mental fitness, aerobics with elements of martial arts, aerobics in the water, using different equipment and cyclic aerobics types. Mental fitness was used as a separate class, and as part of combined classes. Recommendations concerning a combination of aerobic exercise types, mental fitness and floor work blocks were given. The effectiveness of classes according to the suggested program was proved by positive changes of women functional status standard indexes. Conclusions. 1. Experimental package program health aerobics and mental fitness class consists of two stages (autumn-winter and spring-summer) and includes 11 periods (months) of classes. 2. The effectiveness of experimental program is proved by positive changes in indicators for functional status of women’s cardiovascular and respiratory systems (р<0,05–0,001).
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