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The territory covered by protected areas in Poland sums up to 33.1% and amount of it varies as far as single regions are concerned. The region with the highest percentage of areas covered by them is Świętokrzyskie voivodeship — 62%. There are 72 gminas in Świętokrzyskie voivo­deship among which in 49 protected areas cover more than half of the territory. These areas are usually landscape parks and protected landscape areas. Financing economic development on the regional and local scale requires application of various indirect and direct instruments of structural and tax policy. The efficiency of local development financing is conditioned by both, external and internal factors. Among internal conditions the most important are: demo­graphic, unemployment rate, infrastructure and expenditure on social welfare and investments. First part of the dissertation presents the protected areas and problem areas in Świętokrzyskie voivodeship in the aspect of local development. Second part of the paper describes local investments funded from Regional Operational Program of Swiętkorzyskie voivodeship for years 2004-2006.
Bottom deposits of selected rivers in the Świętokrzyskie Region of Poland flowing through areas of various geological characteristics and land development were analyzed for the presence of cadmium, zinc and lead. Microwave-assisted 3-stage sequential extraction recommended by the European Union (EU) was applied for that purpose as well as a 5-stage extraction proposed by Tessier et al. Residues after sequential extraction were mineralized in concentrated nitric acid in order to check if applied sequential extraction procedures allowed extraction of total amounts of metals from bottom deposits. Metal contents were determined with F-AAS technique in particular extracts.
The present study compares properties of podzolic soils developed from sandy materials overgrown by forests, affected either by alkalizing or acidifying emissions. The study entailed sampling 4 pedons in the vicinity of the Ożarów Cement Plant S.A. and 4 pedons near Rudniki village (within the impact zone of “Osiek” Sulphur Mine and Połaniec Power Plant). Soil samples were analyzed for basic chemicalproperties. The study showed significant changes in physicochemical properties of the alkalized podzolic soils: an increase in pH value, in base saturation of the exchange complex, contents of plant available potassium and magnesium, CaCO₃ content in organic and humic horizons and in salinity, and a decrease in organic carbon content and hydrolytic acidity, podzolic soils occurring in areas affected by anthropogenic acidification were characterized by decreased pH value, increased total sulphur and sulfate (S-SO₄) contents, increased hydrolytic and exchangeable acidity, and lowered base saturation of the exchange complex.
Analysed were forest soils developed from Silurian, Devonian, Triassic and Jurassic sandstones. The analysis of the results reveals a significant effect of the type of sandstone on the depth of studied soils and their properties. Tested soils were characterized by a strongly acid reaction and a low degree of saturation with basic cations (between 10 and 35%). In the top horizons were found increased concentrations of zinc, copper and lead in relation to the parent rock concentrations.
The area covered by protected areas in Poland amounts to 33,1% and this figure varies as far as single regions are concerned; the region with the highest percentage of areas covered by them is in the Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship 62 %. There are 72 municipalities in the Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship among which in 49 protected areas cover more than the half of the area. These areas are usually landscape parks and protected landscape areas. One of those 49 is the Nowy Korczyn municipality, covered by protected areas in 97%. This paper presents the conditions and courses of eco-development preferred by the inhabitants of the selected municipality in the Nadnidzianski Landscape Park. The research was based on inhabitants opinions concerning particular courses of development, i.e. tourism, services, handicraft, industry and small business, folk culture and art, agriculture, food processing, and wildlife protection. The results show that agriculture and food processing are the most preferred courses of development in the protected areas of the Nowy Korczyn municipality.
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