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The antibacterial activity of the medium chain fatty acids and their 1-monoglycerides was evaluated towards several Gram-positive strains belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Bacillus, Listeria and Streptococcus. The 1 -monoglycerides were more active than the fatty acids with monolaurin being the most active compound. Interesting effects were observed when the streptococcal strain Streptococcus pyogenes was used as a test microorganism. First, blocking of the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety of monolaurin led to a compound with remarkable antibacterial activity (MIC, 3.9 μg/ml). Secondly, synergistic relationships were observed between monolaurin and monocaprin as well as between monolaurin and the poorly active lauric acid when their two component mixtures were examined. The mixtures in which one of the components was 2-fold more predominant than the other one were much more active than the pure components taken individually. Moreover, the presence of the components in ratio 1:1 was disadvantageous. Synergistic relationships were also found between monolaurin and monomyristin towards Staphylococcus aureus 209 when monomyristin was in the same quantity as monolaurin or in shortage.
Oceniono lekowrażliwość 475 szczepów paciorkowców beta-hemolizujących izolowanych w latach 2005-2009 z wymazów z gardła i materiału ropnego pobranego od hospitalizowanych chorych. Wszystkie szczepy były wrażliwe na ampicylinę lub penicylinę, fluorochinolony, wankomycynę i linezolid. Na erytromycynę wrażliwych było 398 (83,8%) szczepów, natomiast na klinda- mycynę - 423 (89,1%). U 39 (51,3%) szczepów opornych na erytromycynę stwierdzono konstytutywną oporność typu MLSB. Wrażliwością na tetracy- klinę charakteryzowało się 243 (51,2%) szczepy. W badanym okresie odnotowano wzrost liczby szczepów wrażliwych na erytromycynę i tetracyklinę.
ß-hemolytic, pyogenic Streptococci are classified according to type of major surface antigen into A (Streptococcus pyogenes), B (Streptococcus agalactiae), C (multiple species including Streptococcus dysgalactiae) and G (multiple species including Streptococcus canis) Lancefield groups. Group A Streptococcus causes each year hundreds of thousands deaths globally as a result of infections and post-infectional sequelae. An increasing number of severe, invasive infections is caused by selected, specialized pathogenic clones. Within the last 50 years, an increasing number of human infections caused by groups B, C and G Streptococcus (GBS, GCS, GGS) has been observed worldwide. GBS was first identified as animal pathogen but the spectrum of diseases caused by GBS quickly shifted to human infections. Groups C and G Streptococcus are still regarded mostly as animal pathogens, however, an increased number of severe infections caused by these groups is observed. The increasing number of human infections caused worldwide by GCS/GGS can be a sign of similar development from animal to human pathogen as observed in case of GBS and this group will gain much more clinical interest in the future.The situation in Poland regarding invasive infections caused by pyogenic streptococci is underestimated.
The aim of the present research work to investigate antimicrobial activity of some honey samples six winter honeys six summer honeys collected from different regions of Western Ghats. The microbes used in this study are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. Antibacterial activity of the honeys was assayed using the Disc diffusion method. Noticeable variations in the antibacterial activity of the different honey samples were observed. Among the microbes Staphylococcus aureus is the most sensitive against all honey samples shows the maximum inhibitor zone compare to summer honeys.
The present study was quantitative analysis and antimicrobial activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol root extracts. The gram positive and gram negative bacterial and fungal species by the disc diffusion method at various concentration (250μl-1000μl). The results was present in the phenolic and flavonoid content compared to extracts. All the root extract against to Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pyogenes and fungal species Candida albicans at highest inhibition at concentration of methanolic root extract of zone formation. The preliminary studies on Decalepis hamiltonii root extract exhibited their antimicrobial potential which could be exploited further and future pharmaceutical, therapeutic efficiency and food preservation and applications.
W pracy przedstawiono częstość izolacji poszczególnych gatunków bakterii z wymazów z gardła u 157 chorych z rozpoznaniem zapalenia gardła oraz z próbek ropnego wysięku z krypt migdałków u 10 chorych leczonych z powodu przewlekłego ropnego zapalenia migdałków podniebiennych. Paciorkowce ß-hemolizujące wyosobniono od 30% badanych. Najczęściej izolowano Streprtococcus pyogenes (12%) i paciorkowce grupy C (10,7%). Większość wyosobnionych bakterii należała do flory potencjalnie chorobotwórczej (70%). Bakterie beztlenowe wyosobnione z ropnego wysięku z krypt migdałków zaklasyfikowano do rodzaju Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus i Gemella.
Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a human pathogen that causes diseases of various intensity, from mild strep throat to life threatening invasive infections and postinfectional sequelae. S. pyogenes encodes multiple, often phage encoded, virulence factors and their presence is related to severity of the disease. Acquisition of mobile genetic elements, carrying virulence factors, as phages or ICEs (integrative and cojugative elements) has been shown previously to promote selection of virulent clones. We designed the system of eight low volume multi- and one singleplex PCR reactions to detect genes encoding twenty virulence factors (spd3, sdc, sdaB, sdaD, speB, spyCEP, scpA, mac, sic, speL, K, M, C, I, A, H, G, J, smeZ and ssa) and twenty one phage and ICE integration sites described so far for S. pyogenes. Classification of strains based on the phage and virulence factors absence or presence, correlates with PFGE MLST and emm typing results. We developed a novel, fast and cost effective system that can be used to detect GAS virulence factors. Moreover, this system may become an alternative and effective system to differentiate between GAS strains.
The antimicrobial activity of chloroform and methanol extracts of Lennea coromandelica were screened for their was studied against gram positive bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus subtilis gram negative bacteria strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli and fungal strains such as Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. glabrata using disc diffusion method, determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), Minimum Bacterial Concentrations (MBC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentrations (MFC). The antimicrobial activity for different concentrations like 250 μg, 500 μg and 1000 μg of different solvent extracts of Lannea cormandelica. bacterial strains and recorded in highest mean zones of inhibition ranged from 19.6 mm and Candidal strains and the exhibited the highest mean zones of inhibition ranged from 10.6 mm. Methanol extracts showed the best results as inhibition zones against tested organisms. Results showed also that, the greatest effect was towards Staphylococcus aureus and the lowest was against Candida krusei. The present study reported the great effect of Lannea cormandelica extracts against some of most important pathogens.
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