Two species of Phoma obtained from motherwort Leonurus cardiacaL., during mycological analyses attendant upon three-years study connected healthiness of the plants. Isolates of Phoma capitulum were obtained from roots, whereas Phoma septicidalis from roots and leaves. Description in vitro, photos of morphological structures and distribution of Phoma spp. are given. This is the first report of P. capitulum and P. septicidalis on motherwort in Poland.
The paper presents eleven species of Ascochyta recently collected in central and southern part of Poland. Two of them, Ascochyta bondarceviana Melnik and Ascochyta equiseti (Desm.) Grove noted in Poland for the first time, are illustrated with microphotographs. In addition, nine other species are newly reported on their host plants species in the country. Short characteristics of the fungi species based on the collected specimens and the distribution maps of all fungi taxa are presented.
Phoma exigua var. inoxydabilis var. nov. predominated among fungal isolates obtained from diseased stem runners and leaves of periwinkle (Vinca minor). The growth of the fungus was observed at temperaturę ranges from 7.5 to 30°C with optimum at 25°C. Abundant formation of picnidia was noticed mainly on malt extract agar at temp. 15-25°C. On potato-dextrose agar picnidia were observed 3-5 days later. On inoculated leaves of periwinkle, development of necrosis was observed at temperature 10-25°C with optimum 20°C. On field grown periwinkle the first necrosis on the base of stem runners was observed 2 weeks after inoculation and during the next 10 weeks discoloration of tissues occurred on about 1/2 of their length.
The quantitative and qualitative composition of the soil microorganisms depends, amongst others, on whether monoculture or crop rotation is applied. The main phytopathogen infecting flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is the Fusarium genus as well as fungi of the Alternaria, Phoma, Botrytis, Verticillium, Rhizoctonia genera, however soil hyperparasites of the Trichoderma genus can control them successfully. Both types of microorganisms were isolated from the roots sampled both from monocuture and crop rotation and from plants in emergence and flowering stage. The enzymatic activity was researched for a variety of nutrient substrates (cellulose, pectin, starch, protein) as well as the capacity for dissolving triphosphates. There was also investigated the extent of Trichoderma fungal antagonistic activity towards pathogens.
Studies on biodiversity of fungi colonizing and damaging selected plant parts were conducted in 2004–2006. They were performed on productive plantations of motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) grouped in south-eastern Poland. Fungi were isolated from superficially disinfected roots, stem bases and leaves by means of a mineral medium. Fungi from Fusarium spp., Phoma spp. and Rhizoctonia solani were obtained from the roots showing necrosis and tissue disintegration. Phoma nepeticola was commonly obtained from the leaves and stems with symptoms of small, regular, necrotic spots. This is reported for the first time in Poland.