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In the territory of Poland, Rubus chamaemorus is a rare glacial relict. Its localities known to date were in the northern part of the country and in the Sudeten Mountains. In 2002, a new locality of this species was discovered in the Orawa-Nowy Targ basin in the Carpathians. It is the southernmost locality in the European distribution area of this species. Rubus chamaemorus grows there on a raised bog in communities of the Oxycocco-Sphagnetea class. The spatial structure of the population depends on microhabitats reflecting the hummock-hollow structure of the peatbog.
The presented paper is an edited version of the part of Ph.D. thesis of the same title and by the same author. The main aim of the research was to assess the state of peat formation process on post-harvested fields of the selected raised bogs in the Orawa – Nowy Targ Basin on the basis of the acrotelm layer self-regeneration. The results revealed that the peat formation process takes place on six from among eight investigated bogs and statistical analysis of the percentage coverage by three plant groups proved that there are significant differences between them. The attempt to determine the rate of organic mass increase on post-mined areas by means of dendrological method was undertaken. Survey results suggest that the rate of organic mass accumulation on the investigated areas is high and depends on local conditions.
Common Buzzards (Buteo buteo L.) found in central Europe are partial migrants and the number of birds which winter on the breeding ground depends on atmospheric conditions. The advantages of wintering on breeding grounds are counterbalanced by the risk of unfavorable atmospheric conditions and influence the birds’ migration decision. During the periods from October to March (2002/2003–2004/2005), changes in habitat use by the Common Buzzard were studied in the open terrain of the mountain valley (Kotlina Orawsko-Nowotarska, Carpathians, southern Poland). The results were analyzed according to four meteorological periods (autumn, early winter, winter, early spring). Snow cover caused significant differences in types of habitats used by foraging Common Buzzards. During permanent snow cover the extent to which open areas was used decreased from 65% in periods without snow cover to 52% in other periods. At the same time the number of birds foraging in afforestations increased from 28% during periods without snow cover to 42% during periods with snow cover. The extent to which vegetation types was used also changed significantly. During the winter abandoned lands, which probably offer a richer food base, were used more often (56 vs. 23–33% in periods without snow cover). During permanent snow cover birds used higher perches, which presumably enabled them to observe a larger area and made hunting more efficient and compensated for limited access to prey.
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