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A new nematode species, Foleyellides rhinellae sp. nov. (Onchocercidae), is described from specimens found in the body cavity of the cane toad, Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura, Bufonidae), in the Laguna de Coyuca, Guerrero, in the Pacific slope of Mexico. The new species differs from the other nine species of Foleyellides by infecting bufonid anurans and by the number and arrangement of caudal papillae. Other distinguishing feature of the new species is the size of the left spicule (0.16–0.23 long), the smallest recorded among the species included in the genus. Foleyellides rhinellae sp. nov. is the second known species of the genus recorded from amphibians of Mexico.
Pelecitus tercostatus (Molin, 1860) (Onchocercidae, Dirofilariinae) was found in the leg of a Vinaceous-breasted Parrot Amazona vinacea (Aves, Psittaciformes) from Misiones, Argentina. The present report enlarges the host distribution of the species and represents the first record of any nematode in A. vinacea. The macroscopic lesions produced in the bird are also described.
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The nematode Pelecitus fulicaeatrae (Diesing, 1861) (Onchocercidae, Dirofilariinae) was found in the leg of a silvery grebe Podiceps occipitalis (Garnot, 1826) (Aves, Podicipediformes) at Puerto Madryn, Argentina. The specimens redescribed in this note are based on 7 females and 3 males. This is the first Argentinean record for this species and the second for South America, and represents the southern-most record of a species from this genus.
Among the Dasypodidae (Xenarthra), 5 species are currently known to be hosts of Orihelia anticlava (Molin, 1858) in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. We gather all the information regarding taxonomy, morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of O. anticlava, in order to hypothesize on the origin and evolution of this filarioid which is parasitic in an interesting host group, Dasypodidae. An amount of 192 specimens of 9 species of dasypodids from Argentina was prospected. Chaetophractus villosus and Tolypeutes matacus were parasitized. Measurements are provided, and the area rugosa described. Uterine microfilariae of O. anticlava show a considerable range of sizes; length of blood microfilariae seem not to be affected by geography; and, blood microfilariae are bigger than uterine ones. Despite that this parasite occurs in different host species, adult worms studied so far were morphologically alike. Prevalence and mean intensity were: C. villosus 10.8% and 8.5, T. matacus 3.7% and 1. Taking into account the geographic distribution of the hosts and the phylogeny of the dasypodids, we suggest that O. anticlava could be more widespread than currently noticed and other genera of dasypodids, such as Cabassous, Chlamyphorus, and Zaedyus, could also be parasitized. We believe that central Argentina, Uruguay, southern and northeastern Brazil should be considered preferable prospecting areas.
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