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Phenological observations at the Botanical Garden of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań were conducted on Syringa komarowii, S. meyeri, S. microphylla, S. oblata, S. reticulata, S. tomentella and S. wolfii. These observations showed the longest foliation phase in the case of S. oblata and S. meyeri, while the longest flowering phase was recorded in S. reticulata, S. microphylla and S. wolfii. Additionally, the longest period of anthesis (i.e. the period from the moment when 25% flowers bloomed to the time when 75% were out of bloom) was observed in S. oblata and S. microphylla. All examined shrubs, except for S. oblata, set fruits, which dispersal was extended to the next year (except for S. komarowii). In terms of decorative value suitable for green areas the most valuable species were S. komarowii, S. reticulata, S. meyeri, S. microphylla and S. oblata, with the three latter being the most showy shrubs in terms of autumn foliage. Moreover, S. komarowii was exceptional among the analysed species due to its large, attractive leaf blades. This lilac, together with S. meyeri, was also characterised by the most decorative inflorescences. Thanks to their stronger growth in comparison to the other species, S. komarowii, S. oblata and S. reticulata are best suited for large gardens, whereas S. meyeri and S. microphylla will prove most suitable for small gardens. All the recommended shrubs show good drought resistance.
Plants belonging to the family Oleaceae have been traditionally used in treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders. One of the most well-known species is Olea europaea L. (olive), cultivated in the Mediterranean countries. Another species is Ligustrum vulgare L. (common privet), occurring particularly in Northern Europe and Asia. The aim of the study was a comparison of the composition of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from leaves of O. europaea and L. vulgare (HPLC-DAD-MS), and determination of the total content of phenolics and flavonoids, as well as the content of the major compound, oleuropein. Secondly, we aimed to study the protective effect of extracts on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by human fibroblast cells (NHDF), cell viability (MTT assay), and apoptosis rate (Annexin V/propidium iodide staining) after UVA-irradiation. The phytochemical analysis allowed us to identify compounds belonging to the groups of flavonoids, phenylpropanoids and secoiridoids in the extracts. The compounds from the group of lignans (olivil) were identified as being unique to O. europaea extracts. Echinacoside, ligustroflavone and ligustaloside A were identified in L. vulgare extracts in contrast to olive preparations. It was established that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from leaves of both species, except the privet aqueous extract at a concentration of 5 μg/ml, did not show any significant inhibition of ROS production after UVA-irradiation in the model of NHDF cell line. The aqueous extracts of both species at concentrations of 5 and 25 μg/ml had a protective effect on the viability of UVA-treated cells in contrast to the ethanolic extract. In conclusion, no significant difference in the activity of olive and privet leaf extracts has been observed, which suggests that both plant materials’ extracts, particularly aqueous ones, are effective herbal medicines and photoprotectors, which – to some extent – confirms the use of their preparations in skin disorders.
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