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The paper presents an analysis of the extreme precipitation recorded in north-western Poland between 1951 and 1995. The author of the present paper selected a day with a maximal twenty-fourhour precipitation sum out of each month. The author also selected intervals characterized by specific twenty-four-hour values: 0.1-9.9 mm, 10.0-19.9 mm, 20.0-29.9 mm, 30.0-49.9 mm, 50.0-99.9 mm and ≥100 mm. The author selected frequencies of their occurrence and a monthly average and annual maximums’ sum of precipitation. A concept of an extreme precipitation relates to twentyfour- hour sums 50.0-99.9 mm and ≥100 mm. Moreover the author selected the days with extreme twenty-four-hour sums ≥100 mm and specified the atmospheric circulation types, distinguished by B. Osuchowska-Klein (1975).
The studies were carried out in the North -West part of Poland. The investigation was conducted on 292 specimens of the Holstein cattle with added 50% of HF.The extensity and intensity of the coccidia infection were determined by means of the Willis-Schlaaf's and McMaster's methods. Six species of coccidia were found : E. bovis, E. auburnensis, E. zürni, E. ellipsoidalis, E. subspherica and E. cylindrica. Twenty seven per cent of dairy cows and 49.6 per cent of calves were infected . Number of oocysts per gram of feces in calves ranged form 333 to 2237. Observations on the dynamics of the coccidia invasion in calves during a yearly cycle exhibited the existence of two peaks; a vernal and an autumnal ones.
The free-living amoebae (FLA) may live in the environment and also within other organisms as parasites and then they are called amphizoic. They are potentially pathogenic for humans and animals and are found in water that is a source of infection. The aim of this study was molecular detection and identification of these FLA in natural water bodies in North-Western Poland to evaluate the risk of the pathogenic amoebae infections. We examined surface water samples collected from 50 sites and first, the tolerance thermic test was performed in order to select thermophilic, potentially pathogenic strains. For molecular identification of FLA, regions of 18S rDNA, 16S rDNA and intergenic spacers were amplified. Acanthamoeba T4 and T16 genotypes of 18S rDNA gene and 18S rDNA of H. vermiformis were detected. We identified two variants of Acanthamoeba T4 genotype, two variants of Acanthamoeba T16 genotype and one variant of H. vermiformis. Identification of the T16 genotype and H. vermiformis in water was for the first time in Poland. Additionally, we made attempts to adapt the RLB method for detection and differentiation of FLA species and strains. PCR seems to be more sensitive than RLB hybridization, though.
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