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During the years 2011-2013, moths were collected in Koakoland (Mopane) Savanna in the Cuvelai Drainage System, Ovamboland, northern Namibia. In total, 77 species from 13 families have been identified. Their seasonal occurrence in this habitat was also investigated, with most species recorded in wet season between September and April, but with clear peak in February and March. The family Noctuidae was by far the most speciose (38 recorded species), followed by Crambidae (8 spp.), Sphingidae (6 spp.) and Arctiidae (4 spp.). All other families were represented by 1-3 species. For each species listed date of collection is given, and data on its global distribution.
Members of the Nyctaginaceae Jussieu. are distributed throughout southern Africa. Eight species of the family occur naturally in arid parts of Namibia. These species have acquired the ability to survive and reproduce in these dry conditions. They are xerophytes, which have been described as drought evaders, avoiders, and drought-tolerant. In the Nyctaginaceae, Boerhavia deserticola, B. hereroensis, Commicarpus helenae and C. squarrosus are thought to be drought avoiders. In this study we investigated their stem, leaf and anthocarp anatomy for adaptations to arid environments. The results indicated that the four species are avoiders, with modifications of the trichomes, secretions, crystals, secondary growth, Kranz mesophyll, water storage cells, tannins, mucilage, inner and outer stomatal ledges, large-diameter xylem vessels, and the presence of sclerenchyma in their stems, leaves and anthocarps. These adaptations enable the plants to tolerate arid conditions, conserve water and maintain a high photosynthetic rate, and aid seed dispersal.
Pomphus zielinskii sp. nov. from Namibia is described and figured. An identification key to all known species of the genus Pomphus Marshall, 1919 is provided.
The taxonomie concepts of endemic South African genera Parastizopus Gebien, 1938 and Ennychiatus Koch, 1963 are verified. The results of the study are based on the comparative morphological analysis and gave the following decisions: (1) new concept of the Parastizopus is based on the discontinuous and unambiguous diagnostic characters, (2) all species of the Ennychiatus belong to the genus Parastizopus; (3) the name Ennychiatus should be treated as a junior synonym of Parastizopus; (4) the following new combination are proposed: Parastizopus nocturnus (Koch, 1963), P. caraboides (Fairmaire, 1897), P. namaquanus (Koch, 1963), P. fitzsimonsi (Koch, 1963). The division of the Parastizopus into the following species groups is proposed: armaticeps (3 species), caraboides (4) and major (3). New species P. johannae sp. nov. from Southern Africa is diagnosed, described and illustrated. A checklist and the identification key is provided to all known species of Parastizopus.
Amathobius Gebien, 1920 (type species: Amathobius glyptopterus Koch, 1963) is revised and illustrated. The genus is a member of a monophyletic subtribe Stizopina (Tenebrionidae: Opatrini). The following new species are described: Amathobius ignatii and A. kaminskii. The genus Amathobius consists of six species distributed in Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. The identification key is provided to all known species of the genus.
Anthropogenic activities often result in the introduction of noxious contaminants into the environment with resultant distribution and transfer across the food chain. This study reports on the level of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in African foxtail (Cenchrus ciliaris) plant; widely referred to as “common grass” and possible implication across the food chain. Plant samples were collected from stratified study area, processed and analysed using validated acid leaching protocols. Instrumental analysis of the metallic content was by ICP-OES. Quality assurance of the analytical protocol revealed its’ applicability to the environmental samples through metallic recoveries (n=3) in the range of 85.6 – 91 %. The overall mean concentration of analysed metals in samples ranged from 9.34 mg/kg – 38.6 mg/kg; 64.2 mg/kg – 105.2 mg/kg; 0.28 mg/kg – 0.73 mg/kg and 0.54 mg/kg – 16.3 mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb respectively across SCP1-SCP4. Incremental order of analysed trace metals across the SCPs were Cu: SCP1>SCP2>SCP3>SCP4; Zn: SCP1>SCP2>SCP3> SCP4; Cd: SCP1>SCP2>SCP3 = SCP4 and Pb: SCP1>SCP2> SCP3>SCP4. Strong correlation (r > 0.99) was obtained between all the analysed trace metals. Significant difference at (p < 0.05) was found between the analysed metals and SCP 1 while those between the metals and SCPs 2- 4 were non-significant. Accumulation of these metals in ruminants and transfer across the food chain is most probable.
The following new taxa are described and illustrated, Oryzaephilus euneutus sp. nov., from Namibia and the Republic of South Africa, Oryzaephilus mucronatus sp. nov., from Namibia, Afronausibius pumilus sp. nov., from Gabon and Cameroon, Metacorimus - mroczkowskii gen. et sp. nov., from Cameroon, and Saunibius moyseyi gen. et sp. nov., from Sudan and Ghana.
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